diff --git a/docs/TEST_INTEGRITY.md b/docs/TEST_INTEGRITY.md
index 0b481ef..33ab466 100644
--- a/docs/TEST_INTEGRITY.md
+++ b/docs/TEST_INTEGRITY.md
@@ -42,6 +42,146 @@ test_integrity_note:
     if_true_explain_spec_basis: ""
 ```
 
+## 2026-09-30 — Codex terminal completion correction
+
+```yaml
+test_integrity_note:
+  change_type: spec_correction
+  scenarios:
+    - id: SCN-mixed-runtime
+      given: A status-zero Codex protocol stream containing thread.started and turn.completed
+      when: Fleet startup captures the provider-specific durable identity
+      then: The completed turn may record idle with the captured identity
+    - id: SCN-codex-terminal-completion
+      given: A status-zero Codex stream containing thread.started but no turn.completed
+      when: Fleet startup evaluates terminal evidence
+      then: Startup fails, retains the captured identity as working, and area startup refuses a duplicate
+    - id: SCN-provider-update-cli
+      given: The managed-provider fixture simulates a successful status-zero Codex exec stream
+      when: Startup follows an approved provider update
+      then: The fixture includes turn.completed after thread.started, preserving strict successful-turn evidence
+  observable_outcomes:
+    - Durable runtime state and captured Codex thread identifier
+    - FLEET_START_FAILED outcome and public area-start blocker
+  determinism_controls:
+    - Disposable local Git fixture and fixed JSON protocol records
+    - No provider calls, network, retries, sleeps, or timeout changes
+  anti_cheat_rationale:
+    prevents:
+      - Treating identity creation as successful turn completion
+      - Returning idle from a status-zero stream missing terminal evidence
+      - Launching a duplicate over an uncertain captured identity
+  relaxation:
+    did_relax_any_assertion: false
+    if_true_explain_spec_basis: ""
+```
+
+Spec basis: a native successful Codex protocol probe emitted ten records ending
+in `turn.completed`; `thread.started` establishes identity only, not completion.
+
+## 2026-09-30 — Bounded Codex executor qualification
+
+```yaml
+test_integrity_note:
+  change_type: new_tests
+  scenarios:
+    - id: SCN-codex-streaming-protocol-reduction
+      given: A successful Codex stream containing an initial identity, a multi-megabyte image record, private stderr, and terminal completion
+      when: The bounded reducer and lifecycle process the stream
+      then: Only identity and terminal records cross the boundary and idle is recorded without private output
+    - id: SCN-cli-codex-protocol-routing
+      given: A Codex launch planned by the CLI
+      when: The CLI invokes the executor
+      then: It launches the bounded reducer instead of collecting provider stdout directly
+    - id: SCN-codex-final-terminal-state
+      given: A stream whose final terminal failure follows an earlier completion, plus real child signal and spawn-error cases
+      when: The reducer and lifecycle classify the child outcome
+      then: Only the final failed terminal is retained, signals remain uncertain, and a safe spawn-error code is preserved
+    - id: SCN-scheduled-manager-wake-terminal-failure
+      given: An owner-authorized manager check-in with a planned Codex wake whose stream lacks terminal completion
+      when: The actual ScheduleService invokes the wake boundary
+      then: The schedule and wake reservation are failed while the manager identity remains working
+  observable_outcomes:
+    - Bounded reducer stdout, durable runtime state, schedule result, and reservation outcome
+  determinism_controls:
+    - Disposable Git/control-plane fixtures and fixed protocol records
+    - Local SIGTERM-aware child with a readiness marker; no provider, network, retries, or sleeps
+  anti_cheat_rationale:
+    prevents:
+      - Solving image overflow only by shrinking a parent buffer
+      - Marking a missing-terminal manager wake as invoked or successful
+      - Accepting an earlier completed event after a later failed terminal
+      - Retaining private image, token, or reasoning material in durable evidence
+  relaxation:
+    did_relax_any_assertion: false
+    if_true_explain_spec_basis: ""
+```
+
+## 2026-09-30 — Executor terminal-outcome integrity
+
+```yaml
+test_integrity_note:
+  change_type: new_tests
+  scenarios:
+    - id: SCN-executor-interrupted-outcomes
+      given: A real child that exits cleanly after SIGTERM plus deterministic signal and ENOBUFS executor results
+      when: Runtime startup receives a status-zero timeout, signal, or output-overflow error
+      then: No idle completion is recorded; captured identity remains working and failure evidence excludes private output
+    - id: SCN-scheduled-executor-failure
+      given: A scheduled command returns status zero together with ENOBUFS and screenshot-heavy output
+      when: The scheduler records its receipt
+      then: The receipt is failed, output is bounded, and credential or private-reasoning values are redacted
+  observable_outcomes:
+    - Durable runtime presence state and retained native session identifier
+    - Schedule result, exit status, bounded output, and redacted error evidence
+  determinism_controls:
+    - Disposable local Git fixtures and a bounded SIGTERM-aware child process
+    - Injected signal and ENOBUFS boundaries; no network, provider launch, retry, or sleep
+  anti_cheat_rationale:
+    prevents:
+      - Treating status zero as successful when Node reports timeout or output overflow
+      - Marking an interrupted runtime idle and permitting a duplicate launch
+      - Passing screenshot payloads, credentials, prompts, or private reasoning into durable receipts
+  relaxation:
+    did_relax_any_assertion: false
+    if_true_explain_spec_basis: ""
+```
+
+## 2026-09-30 — Early identity and safe no-code diagnostics
+
+```yaml
+test_integrity_note:
+  change_type: new_tests
+  scenarios:
+    - id: SCN-codex-interrupted-identity
+      given: A real local helper whose child emits thread.started then remains alive
+      when: The parent observes the reduced bounded identity and sends SIGTERM to the helper
+      then: The helper closes by SIGTERM without a terminal success, while lifecycle retains the identity as working and uncertain
+    - id: SCN-codex-code-less-diagnostics
+      given: Code-less structured model, authentication, or quota errors containing prompt, reasoning, and image adversarial fields
+      when: The bounded reducer and adapter classify startup failure
+      then: Only the allowlisted category crosses the boundary; no free-form diagnostic or adversarial field remains
+    - id: SCN-cli-codex-real-executable
+      given: An installed disposable project and an isolated executable named codex
+      when: The actual runCli up command starts the selected domain
+      then: The reducer carries identity and terminal completion through the CLI boundary and durable identity becomes idle
+  observable_outcomes:
+    - Real helper close signal, exact reduced protocol bytes, and working retained runtime identity
+    - Safe diagnostic category with no prompt, reasoning, image, or free-form message
+    - Actual CLI JSON response and persisted identity state from a fake executable on an isolated PATH
+  determinism_controls:
+    - Local child process signal handshake driven by receipt of thread.started; a bounded watchdog only terminates and awaits the owned fixture on failed emission, never retries or asserts product timing
+    - Disposable Git/XDG fixtures and a hermetic executable; a tagged guard rejects an absent or mismatched env before native spawn, then delegates unchanged to native spawnSync only for the validated fake path
+  anti_cheat_rationale:
+    prevents:
+      - Delaying identity output until child close and losing it on interruption
+      - Treating code-less model/auth/quota errors as successful or retaining their raw text
+      - Testing only an injected launch helper instead of the CLI execution boundary
+  relaxation:
+    did_relax_any_assertion: false
+    if_true_explain_spec_basis: ""
+```
+
 ## 2026-09-30 — Generated exact-check artifacts
 
 ```yaml
@@ -2363,3 +2503,31 @@ test_integrity_note:
     did_relax_any_assertion: false
     if_true_explain_spec_basis: ""
 ```
+
+# Codex startup runtime diagnostics (2026-09-30)
+
+```yaml
+test_integrity_note:
+  change_type: new_tests
+  scenarios:
+    - id: SCN-codex-startup-diagnostics
+      given: "A real Codex adapter and lifecycle plan receive deterministic nonzero child-process results"
+      when: "Codex stdout contains a model-rejection event, malformed JSON, or output above the diagnostic bound"
+      then: "Owner-visible failure details prefer the structured model rejection, redact stderr secrets and prompt fields, and label malformed or oversized output unknown with an explicit reason"
+  observable_outcomes:
+    - "FLEET_START_FAILED status, persisted offline identity state and owner-visible diagnostic details"
+    - "Structured model rejection over noisy MCP stderr; explicit unknown outcomes without retained oversized stdout"
+    - "No synthetic prompt, token or password value in serialized error details"
+  determinism_controls:
+    - "Disposable local Git/XDG fixtures and fixed injected child-process output"
+    - "Real createCodexAdapter and startFleet boundary; no provider calls, retries, sleeps or network"
+  anti_cheat_rationale:
+    prevents:
+      - "Returning a hard-coded success while losing the real nonzero execution status"
+      - "Displaying unrelated MCP noise instead of a structured model rejection"
+      - "Leaking raw prompt or credential values through diagnostics"
+      - "Treating malformed or oversized stdout as trusted structured evidence"
+  relaxation:
+    did_relax_any_assertion: false
+    if_true_explain_spec_basis: ""
+```
diff --git a/src/adapters/codex.mjs b/src/adapters/codex.mjs
index 2652312..9ec7447 100644
--- a/src/adapters/codex.mjs
+++ b/src/adapters/codex.mjs
@@ -69,6 +69,10 @@ function launchPolicyArgs(policy = {}) {
   return args;
 }
 
+const MAX_STARTUP_OUTPUT_BYTES = 16 * 1024;
+const MAX_STARTUP_EVENT_COUNT = 64;
+const MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_TEXT_LENGTH = 512;
+
 function parseJsonLines(output) {
   const records = [];
   for (const line of String(output ?? '').split('\n').map((value) => value.trim()).filter(Boolean)) {
@@ -77,6 +81,91 @@ function parseJsonLines(output) {
   return records;
 }
 
+function redactDiagnosticText(value, limit = MAX_DIAGNOSTIC_TEXT_LENGTH) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') return null;
+  const compact = value.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+  if (!compact) return null;
+  return compact
+    .replace(/\bBearer\s+[-A-Za-z0-9._~+/]+=*/gi, 'Bearer [REDACTED]')
+    .replace(/((?:api[_ -]?key|access[_ -]?token|refresh[_ -]?token|token|password|secret|credential|authorization|cookie|prompt|private reasoning)\s*(?:=|:|\s)\s*)([^\s,;]+)/gi, '$1[REDACTED]')
+    .replace(/(https?:\/\/)[^\s/@]+:[^\s/@]+@/gi, '$1[REDACTED]@')
+    .slice(0, limit);
+}
+
+function boundedStartupOutput(output) {
+  const text = typeof output === 'string' ? output : String(output ?? '');
+  if (Buffer.byteLength(text, 'utf8') > MAX_STARTUP_OUTPUT_BYTES) {
+    return { records: null, reason: 'stdout-exceeds-bound' };
+  }
+  const lines = text.split('\n').map((value) => value.trim()).filter(Boolean);
+  if (lines.length > MAX_STARTUP_EVENT_COUNT) return { records: null, reason: 'stdout-too-many-events' };
+  const records = [];
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    try { records.push(JSON.parse(line)); } catch { return { records: null, reason: 'stdout-malformed-json' }; }
+  }
+  return { records, reason: null };
+}
+
+function startupFailureEvent(record) {
+  if (!record || typeof record !== 'object' || Array.isArray(record)) return null;
+  if (record.type === 'error' || record.type === 'turn.failed' || record.type === 'turn.error') {
+    const error = record.error && typeof record.error === 'object' && !Array.isArray(record.error)
+      ? record.error : record;
+    return {
+      code: error.code ?? record.code,
+      category: error.category ?? record.category,
+      message: error.message ?? record.message,
+    };
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function safeDiagnosticCode(value) {
+  return typeof value === 'string' && /^[A-Z][A-Z0-9_.-]{0,79}$/.test(value) ? value : null;
+}
+
+function safeDiagnosticCategory(value) {
+  return ['model-rejection', 'authentication', 'quota'].includes(value) ? value : null;
+}
+
+function categoryFromDiagnosticCode(code) {
+  if (!code) return null;
+  if (/(?:MODEL|UNSUPPORTED|UNAVAILABLE|NOT_FOUND)/.test(code)) return 'model-rejection';
+  if (/(?:AUTH|UNAUTHORIZED|FORBIDDEN|CREDENTIAL)/.test(code)) return 'authentication';
+  if (/(?:QUOTA|RATE_LIMIT|RATE-LIMIT|LIMIT_EXCEEDED)/.test(code)) return 'quota';
+  return null;
+}
+
+export function diagnoseCodexStartupFailure({ stdout, stderr } = {}) {
+  const parsed = boundedStartupOutput(stdout);
+  const safeStderr = redactDiagnosticText(stderr);
+  if (!parsed.records) {
+    return {
+      schema: 'torch.dev/runtime-startup-diagnostic/v1alpha1', outcome: 'unknown', reason: parsed.reason,
+      stderr: safeStderr,
+    };
+  }
+  const failure = parsed.records.map(startupFailureEvent).find(Boolean);
+  if (!failure) {
+    return {
+      schema: 'torch.dev/runtime-startup-diagnostic/v1alpha1', outcome: 'unknown', reason: 'stdout-no-failure-event',
+      stderr: safeStderr,
+    };
+  }
+  const message = redactDiagnosticText(failure.message);
+  const code = safeDiagnosticCode(failure.code);
+  const category = safeDiagnosticCategory(failure.category);
+  const modelRejection = /\b(model|unsupported|not supported|unavailable|not available|does not exist)\b/i.test(message ?? '')
+    || /MODEL|UNSUPPORTED/i.test(code ?? '');
+  return {
+    schema: 'torch.dev/runtime-startup-diagnostic/v1alpha1', outcome: 'known',
+    category: category ?? categoryFromDiagnosticCode(code) ?? (modelRejection ? 'model-rejection' : 'runtime-error'),
+    ...(code ? { code } : {}),
+    ...(message ? { message } : {}),
+    stderr: safeStderr,
+  };
+}
+
 export class CodexRuntimeAdapter {
   constructor({
     env = process.env,
@@ -227,6 +316,10 @@ export class CodexRuntimeAdapter {
     return { areaId: text(areaId, 'areaId'), runtimeSessionId: text(captured, 'runtimeSessionId') };
   }
 
+  diagnoseStartupFailure({ stdout, stderr } = {}) {
+    return diagnoseCodexStartupFailure({ stdout, stderr });
+  }
+
   getStatus() { return unsupportedCapability(this.name, 'getStatus'); }
 
   listSessions() { return unsupportedCapability(this.name, 'listSessions'); }
diff --git a/src/cli.mjs b/src/cli.mjs
index 8c8cc6b..e136d1d 100644
--- a/src/cli.mjs
+++ b/src/cli.mjs
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import { IntegrationService } from './integration/service.mjs';
 import { analyzeCombatrigFleet } from './importers/combatrig.mjs';
 import { proposeDomains } from './kernel/domains.mjs';
 import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 import { join, resolve } from 'node:path';
 import { fileHash, writeNewFile } from './kernel/files.mjs';
 import { createWorktrees, planWorktrees } from './kernel/worktrees.mjs';
@@ -42,6 +43,23 @@ import {
 import { ResourceService } from './resources/service.mjs';
 import { CANDIDATE_ACCEPTANCE_SCENARIOS, createVersionService } from './self-host/service.mjs';
 import { observeProject } from './observability/snapshot.mjs';
+
+// Provider output is evidence, not an unbounded artifact channel.  startFleet
+// classifies ENOBUFS as an interrupted outcome instead of a completed turn.
+const MAX_RUNTIME_EXECUTOR_OUTPUT_BYTES = 1024 * 1024;
+const CODEX_PROTOCOL_REDUCER = fileURLToPath(new URL('./runtime/codex-protocol-reducer.mjs', import.meta.url));
+
+export function executeRuntimeLaunch(spawn, launch, options = {}) {
+  // Tests and adapter qualification inject a deterministic executor. The real
+  // synchronous CLI boundary alone needs protocol reduction before buffering.
+  // A tagged guard may delegate to native spawnSync after asserting hermetic
+  // launch preconditions; it must opt in rather than changing fake executors.
+  const usesNativeSpawn = spawn === spawnSync || spawn?.torchNativeSpawnGuard === true;
+  if (launch.runtime === 'codex' && usesNativeSpawn) {
+    return spawn(process.execPath, [CODEX_PROTOCOL_REDUCER, launch.command, ...launch.args], options);
+  }
+  return spawn(launch.command, launch.args, options);
+}
 import { OwnerDigestService } from './observability/owner-digest.mjs';
 import { ContextTelemetryService } from './telemetry/context.mjs';
 import { ScheduleService } from './schedules/service.mjs';
@@ -1106,8 +1124,9 @@ export async function runCli(argv = process.argv.slice(2), {
         }
         print(startFleet({
           plan, controlPlane: control, adapters,
-          executor: (launch) => spawn(launch.command, launch.args, {
-            cwd: launch.cwd, encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+          executor: (launch) => executeRuntimeLaunch(spawn, launch, {
+            cwd: launch.cwd, env, encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+            maxBuffer: MAX_RUNTIME_EXECUTOR_OUTPUT_BYTES,
           }),
         }), { json });
         return 0;
@@ -1439,8 +1458,9 @@ export async function runCli(argv = process.argv.slice(2), {
           }
           print(startFleet({
             plan, controlPlane: control, adapters,
-            executor: (launch) => spawn(launch.command, launch.args, {
-              cwd: launch.cwd, encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+            executor: (launch) => executeRuntimeLaunch(spawn, launch, {
+              cwd: launch.cwd, env, encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+              maxBuffer: MAX_RUNTIME_EXECUTOR_OUTPUT_BYTES,
             }),
           }), { json });
         } else throw new TorchError(`Unknown fleet operation: ${operation}`, { code: 'UNKNOWN_COMMAND' });
@@ -1613,9 +1633,9 @@ export async function runCli(argv = process.argv.slice(2), {
               }
               return startFleet({
                 plan, controlPlane: control, adapters,
-                executor: (launch) => spawn(launch.command, launch.args, {
-                  cwd: launch.cwd, encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
-                  timeout: 300_000, maxBuffer: 8 * 1024 * 1024, killSignal: 'SIGTERM',
+                executor: (launch) => executeRuntimeLaunch(spawn, launch, {
+                  cwd: launch.cwd, env, encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+                  timeout: 300_000, maxBuffer: MAX_RUNTIME_EXECUTOR_OUTPUT_BYTES, killSignal: 'SIGTERM',
                 }),
               });
             },
diff --git a/src/runtime/codex-protocol-reducer.mjs b/src/runtime/codex-protocol-reducer.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8bddeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/runtime/codex-protocol-reducer.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+// Reduces a Codex protocol stream to the lifecycle facts TORCH may retain.
+// Raw turns, images, and stderr are drained but never copied into parent state.
+import { spawn } from 'node:child_process';
+
+const MAX_PROTOCOL_LINE_CHARS = 32 * 1024;
+const [command, ...args] = process.argv.slice(2);
+if (!command) process.exit(64);
+
+const child = spawn(command, args, { cwd: process.cwd(), stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] });
+let pending = '';
+let droppingOversizedLine = false;
+let threadStarted = null;
+let terminal = null;
+let childSpawnError = null;
+let forwardedSignal = null;
+let pendingWrites = 0;
+let finalOutcome = null;
+
+function safeCode(value) {
+  return typeof value === 'string' && /^[A-Z][A-Z0-9_.-]{0,79}$/.test(value) ? value : null;
+}
+
+function safeFailureCategory(value) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') return null;
+  // Classify a short transient prefix only; never retain diagnostic text itself.
+  const text = value.slice(0, 512).toLowerCase();
+  if (/(?:requested\s+)?model\b|unsupported\s+model|model\s+.*(?:not supported|unavailable)/.test(text)) return 'model-rejection';
+  if (/\b(?:auth(?:entication|orization)?|unauthorized|forbidden|credential)\b/.test(text)) return 'authentication';
+  if (/\b(?:quota|rate[ -]?limit|usage[ -]?limit|limit exceeded)\b/.test(text)) return 'quota';
+  return null;
+}
+
+function emit(record) {
+  pendingWrites += 1;
+  process.stdout.write(`${JSON.stringify(record)}\n`, () => {
+    pendingWrites -= 1;
+    finishWhenFlushed();
+  });
+}
+
+function finishWhenFlushed() {
+  if (!finalOutcome || pendingWrites) return;
+  const { code, signal } = finalOutcome;
+  finalOutcome = null;
+  if (signal) exitWithSignal(signal);
+  else process.exitCode = Number.isInteger(code) && code >= 0 ? code : 1;
+}
+
+function inspectLine(line) {
+  let record;
+  try { record = JSON.parse(line); } catch { return; }
+  if (!threadStarted && record?.type === 'thread.started'
+    && typeof (record.thread_id ?? record.threadId) === 'string'
+    && (record.thread_id ?? record.threadId).length <= 256) {
+    threadStarted = record.thread_id ?? record.threadId;
+    // Emit this durable identity before a later interruption can suppress close.
+    emit({ type: 'thread.started', thread_id: threadStarted });
+  }
+  if (record?.type === 'turn.completed') terminal = { type: 'turn.completed' };
+  if (record?.type === 'turn.failed' || record?.type === 'turn.error' || record?.type === 'error') {
+    const error = record.error && typeof record.error === 'object' ? record.error : record;
+    const code = safeCode(error.code ?? record.code);
+    const category = code ? null : safeFailureCategory(error.message ?? record.message);
+    terminal = { type: 'turn.failed', ...(category ? { category } : {}), ...(code ? { code } : {}) };
+  }
+}
+
+function consume(chunk) {
+  let cursor = 0;
+  while (cursor < chunk.length) {
+    const newline = chunk.indexOf('\n', cursor);
+    const end = newline < 0 ? chunk.length : newline;
+    const fragment = chunk.slice(cursor, end);
+    if (!droppingOversizedLine) {
+      if (pending.length + fragment.length > MAX_PROTOCOL_LINE_CHARS) {
+        pending = '';
+        droppingOversizedLine = true;
+      } else pending += fragment;
+    }
+    if (newline < 0) return;
+    if (!droppingOversizedLine) inspectLine(pending.trim());
+    pending = '';
+    droppingOversizedLine = false;
+    cursor = newline + 1;
+  }
+}
+
+child.stdout.setEncoding('utf8');
+child.stdout.on('data', consume);
+child.stderr.on('data', () => {});
+child.on('error', (error) => { childSpawnError = safeCode(error?.code) ?? 'EXECUTOR_SPAWN_ERROR'; });
+
+const forwardedSignals = ['SIGTERM', 'SIGINT', 'SIGHUP'];
+for (const signal of forwardedSignals) {
+  process.on(signal, () => {
+    forwardedSignal ??= signal;
+    if (!child.killed) child.kill(signal);
+  });
+}
+
+function exitWithSignal(signal) {
+  for (const name of forwardedSignals) process.removeAllListeners(name);
+  process.kill(process.pid, signal);
+}
+
+child.on('close', (code, signal) => {
+  if (pending && !droppingOversizedLine) inspectLine(pending.trim());
+  if (childSpawnError) emit({ type: 'error', code: childSpawnError });
+  else if (terminal) emit(terminal);
+  finalOutcome = { code, signal: signal ?? forwardedSignal };
+  finishWhenFlushed();
+});
diff --git a/src/runtime/lifecycle.mjs b/src/runtime/lifecycle.mjs
index 1047820..fed150a 100644
--- a/src/runtime/lifecycle.mjs
+++ b/src/runtime/lifecycle.mjs
@@ -281,6 +281,13 @@ export function planFleetUp({ repositoryRoot, controlPlane, adapter, adapters, f
     }
     validateRuntimeAdapter(runtimeAdapter);
     const identity = controlPlane.identity(area.id);
+    if (identity.state === 'working') {
+      blockers.push({
+        areaId: area.id, code: 'RUNTIME_IDENTITY_ACTIVE', state: identity.state,
+        runtimeSessionId: identity.runtimeSessionId ?? null,
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
     const runtimeIntegration = runtimeAdapter.configure({
       repositoryRoot, areaId: area.id, mcpEntry: MCP_ENTRY,
       projectId: manifest.projectId, stateRoot,
@@ -375,6 +382,15 @@ export function planAreaUp({ repositoryRoot, controlPlane, areaId, adapter, adap
   }
   validateRuntimeAdapter(runtimeAdapter);
   const identity = controlPlane.identity(area.id);
+  if (identity.state === 'working') {
+    return {
+      action: 'area-up', projectId: manifest.projectId, areaId, fresh,
+      actions: [], blockers: [{
+        areaId, code: 'RUNTIME_IDENTITY_ACTIVE', state: identity.state,
+        runtimeSessionId: identity.runtimeSessionId ?? null,
+      }], canProceed: false, mutationPerformed: false,
+    };
+  }
   const runtimeIntegration = runtimeAdapter.configure({
     repositoryRoot, areaId: area.id, mcpEntry: MCP_ENTRY,
     projectId: manifest.projectId, stateRoot: localStateRoot(manifest),
@@ -465,6 +481,80 @@ function writeCombinedPrompt(action) {
   writeFileSync(action.promptFile, action.instructionText, { encoding: 'utf8', mode: 0o600 });
 }
 
+const MAX_EXECUTOR_CAPTURE_OUTPUT_BYTES = 16 * 1024;
+const MAX_EXECUTOR_DIAGNOSTIC_TEXT_LENGTH = 512;
+
+function safeExecutorText(value) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') return null;
+  const compact = value.replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+  if (!compact) return null;
+  return compact
+    .replace(/\bBearer\s+[-A-Za-z0-9._~+/]+=*/gi, 'Bearer [REDACTED]')
+    .replace(/((?:api[_ -]?key|access[_ -]?token|refresh[_ -]?token|token|password|secret|credential|authorization|cookie|prompt|private reasoning)\s*(?:=|:|\s)\s*)([^\s,;]+)/gi, '$1[REDACTED]')
+    .replace(/(https?:\/\/)[^\s/@]+:[^\s/@]+@/gi, '$1[REDACTED]@')
+    .slice(0, MAX_EXECUTOR_DIAGNOSTIC_TEXT_LENGTH);
+}
+
+function safeExecutorCode(value) {
+  return typeof value === 'string' && /^[A-Z][A-Z0-9_.-]{0,79}$/.test(value) ? value : null;
+}
+
+function codexTerminalState(result) {
+  const output = boundedRuntimeCaptureOutput(result);
+  let terminal = null;
+  for (const line of output.split('\n')) {
+    try {
+      const type = JSON.parse(line)?.type;
+      if (type === 'turn.completed') terminal = 'completed';
+      else if (type === 'turn.failed' || type === 'turn.error' || type === 'error') terminal = 'failed';
+    } catch { /* non-protocol output is not completion evidence */ }
+  }
+  return terminal;
+}
+
+export function classifyExecutorOutcome(result, { runtime } = {}) {
+  const status = Number.isInteger(result?.status) ? result.status : null;
+  const signal = typeof result?.signal === 'string' && result.signal.trim() ? result.signal.trim() : null;
+  const errorCode = safeExecutorCode(result?.error?.code);
+  if (errorCode || result?.error) {
+    return {
+      state: 'unknown', terminal: false, status, signal,
+      reason: errorCode ? `executor-error-${errorCode}` : 'executor-error',
+      ...(errorCode ? { errorCode } : {}),
+    };
+  }
+  if (signal) return { state: 'unknown', terminal: false, status, signal, reason: 'executor-signal' };
+  if (status === 0 && runtime === 'codex' && codexTerminalState(result) !== 'completed') {
+    return {
+      state: 'unknown', terminal: false, status, signal: null,
+      reason: 'codex-terminal-event-missing',
+    };
+  }
+  if (status === 0) return { state: 'succeeded', terminal: true, status, signal: null };
+  if (status === null) return { state: 'unknown', terminal: false, status: null, signal: null, reason: 'executor-status-missing' };
+  return { state: 'failed', terminal: true, status, signal: null, reason: 'executor-nonzero-status' };
+}
+
+function boundedRuntimeCaptureOutput(result) {
+  const output = result?.stdout ?? result?.output;
+  return Buffer.from(typeof output === 'string' ? output : String(output ?? ''), 'utf8')
+    .subarray(0, MAX_EXECUTOR_CAPTURE_OUTPUT_BYTES).toString('utf8');
+}
+
+function captureRuntimeId({ action, runtimeAdapter, result }) {
+  if (!action.requiresRuntimeIdCapture || !runtimeAdapter) {
+    return action.runtimeSessionId;
+  }
+  try {
+    return runtimeAdapter.captureRuntimeId({
+      areaId: action.areaId, runtimeSessionId: action.runtimeSessionId,
+      stdout: boundedRuntimeCaptureOutput(result),
+    }).runtimeSessionId;
+  } catch {
+    return action.runtimeSessionId;
+  }
+}
+
 export function startFleet({ plan, controlPlane, executor, adapters } = {}) {
   if (!plan?.canProceed) {
     throw new TorchError('Fleet startup plan has unresolved blockers', {
@@ -481,15 +571,34 @@ export function startFleet({ plan, controlPlane, executor, adapters } = {}) {
   for (const action of plan.actions) {
     controlPlane.assertIdentity(action.areaId);
     writeCombinedPrompt(action);
-    const result = executor({ ...action.launch, areaId: action.areaId, runtimeSessionId: action.runtimeSessionId });
-    if (result?.status !== undefined && result.status !== 0) {
+    const result = executor({
+      ...action.launch, areaId: action.areaId, runtime: action.runtime,
+      runtimeSessionId: action.runtimeSessionId,
+    });
+    const outcome = classifyExecutorOutcome(result, { runtime: action.runtime });
+    const runtimeAdapter = runtimes.get(action.runtime);
+    if (outcome.state !== 'succeeded') {
+      const runtimeSessionId = captureRuntimeId({ action, runtimeAdapter, result });
+      const diagnostic = typeof runtimeAdapter?.diagnoseStartupFailure === 'function'
+        ? runtimeAdapter.diagnoseStartupFailure({ stdout: result?.stdout, stderr: result?.stderr }) : null;
+      const uncertain = outcome.state === 'unknown';
       controlPlane.reportStatus({
-        areaId: action.areaId, state: 'offline', runtime: action.runtime,
-        runtimeSessionId: action.runtimeSessionId, summary: 'Runtime launch failed.',
+        areaId: action.areaId, state: uncertain ? 'working' : 'offline', runtime: action.runtime,
+        runtimeSessionId,
+        summary: uncertain
+          ? 'Runtime executor completion is unknown; duplicate launch is blocked pending reconciliation.'
+          : 'Runtime launch failed with a terminal nonzero exit.',
       });
       throw new TorchError(`Fleet startup failed for ${action.areaId}`, {
         code: 'FLEET_START_FAILED',
-        details: { areaId: action.areaId, status: result.status, stderr: result.stderr ?? null, started },
+        details: {
+          areaId: action.areaId, status: outcome.status, signal: outcome.signal,
+          executorOutcome: outcome,
+          ...(diagnostic
+            ? { diagnostic, stderr: diagnostic.stderr }
+            : { stderr: safeExecutorText(result?.stderr ?? result?.error?.message) }),
+          started,
+        },
       });
     }
     let runtimeSessionId = action.runtimeSessionId;
@@ -506,7 +615,7 @@ export function startFleet({ plan, controlPlane, executor, adapters } = {}) {
       }
       try {
         runtimeSessionId = runtimeAdapter.captureRuntimeId({
-          areaId: action.areaId, runtimeSessionId, stdout: result?.stdout, output: result?.output,
+          areaId: action.areaId, runtimeSessionId, stdout: boundedRuntimeCaptureOutput(result),
         }).runtimeSessionId;
       } catch (error) {
         controlPlane.reportStatus({
diff --git a/src/schedules/service.mjs b/src/schedules/service.mjs
index b3b4e2f..f1f7723 100644
--- a/src/schedules/service.mjs
+++ b/src/schedules/service.mjs
@@ -115,7 +115,11 @@ function validate(definition) {
 
 function bounded(value) {
   const content = value?.toString() ?? '';
-  return content.length > 65_536 ? `${content.slice(0, 65_536)}\n[truncated]` : content;
+  const safe = content
+    .replace(/\bBearer\s+[-A-Za-z0-9._~+/]+=*/gi, 'Bearer [REDACTED]')
+    .replace(/((?:api[_ -]?key|access[_ -]?token|refresh[_ -]?token|token|password|secret|credential|authorization|cookie|prompt|private reasoning)\s*(?:=|:|\s)\s*)([^\s,;]+)/gi, '$1[REDACTED]')
+    .replace(/(https?:\/\/)[^\s/@]+:[^\s/@]+@/gi, '$1[REDACTED]@');
+  return safe.length > 65_536 ? `${safe.slice(0, 65_536)}\n[truncated]` : safe;
 }
 
 function managerWakeCapability(prepared, managerId, maxUsd) {
diff --git a/test/fleet/executor-outcomes.test.mjs b/test/fleet/executor-outcomes.test.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce1bf65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fleet/executor-outcomes.test.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { execFileSync, spawn, spawnSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import { chmodSync, existsSync, mkdtempSync, readFileSync, writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import { join } from 'node:path';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import { createCodexAdapter } from '../../src/adapters/codex.mjs';
+import { executeRuntimeLaunch, runCli } from '../../src/cli.mjs';
+import { openControlPlane } from '../../src/control-plane/service.mjs';
+import { analyzeRepository } from '../../src/kernel/analyze.mjs';
+import { proposeDomains } from '../../src/kernel/domains.mjs';
+import { inspectRepository } from '../../src/kernel/git.mjs';
+import { installProject } from '../../src/kernel/install.mjs';
+import { startFleet } from '../../src/runtime/lifecycle.mjs';
+import { ScheduleService } from '../../src/schedules/service.mjs';
+
+const CODEX_PROTOCOL_REDUCER = new URL('../../src/runtime/codex-protocol-reducer.mjs', import.meta.url).pathname;
+
+function fixture() {
+  const root = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'torch-executor-outcomes-'));
+  const git = (args) => execFileSync('git', ['-C', root, ...args]);
+  execFileSync('git', ['init', '-b', 'main', root]);
+  git(['config', 'user.email', 'torch-test@example.invalid']);
+  git(['config', 'user.name', 'TORCH Test']);
+  writeFileSync(join(root, 'app.js'), 'export const app = true;\n');
+  git(['add', '.']);
+  git(['commit', '-m', 'fixture']);
+  const repository = inspectRepository(root);
+  const proposal = proposeDomains({ repository, analysis: analyzeRepository(repository) });
+  const worker = proposal.domains[0].id;
+  proposal.schedules = [{
+    id: 'domain-audit', title: 'Domain audit', owner: worker, lifetime: 'session',
+    trigger: { type: 'manual' }, behavior: 'read-only',
+    action: { type: 'command', command: process.execPath, args: ['-e', 'process.exit(0)'] },
+    required_authority: [worker], retry: { max_attempts: 1 },
+    failure_recipient: 'session-manager', source_of_truth: 'test fixture',
+  }];
+  proposal.review = { status: 'approved', reviewedAt: '2026-09-30T00:00:00Z', reviewedBy: 'fixture-owner', notes: [] };
+  const env = { ...process.env, XDG_DATA_HOME: mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'torch-executor-outcomes-state-')) };
+  installProject({
+    repository, proposal, env, projectId: 'executor-outcomes-fixture', runtimes: ['codex'], defaultRuntime: 'codex',
+  });
+  return { root, env, worker };
+}
+
+function planFor(context, {
+  runtimeSessionId = 'captured-native-session', requiresRuntimeIdCapture = false,
+} = {}) {
+  return {
+    canProceed: true,
+    projectId: 'executor-outcomes-fixture',
+    actions: [{
+      areaId: context.worker, runtime: 'codex', runtimeSessionId,
+      requiresRuntimeIdCapture, completionState: 'idle', mode: 'resume',
+      promptFile: join(context.root, 'runtime-prompt.md'), instructionText: 'test prompt',
+      launch: { command: 'codex', args: [], cwd: context.root },
+    }],
+  };
+}
+
+function expectInterruptedStart({ context, result, expectedReason, plan = planFor(context), expectedRuntimeSessionId }) {
+  const control = openControlPlane({ repositoryRoot: context.root, env: context.env });
+  try {
+    let failure;
+    assert.throws(() => startFleet({
+      plan, controlPlane: control,
+      adapters: new Map([['codex', createCodexAdapter()]]), executor: () => result,
+    }), (error) => {
+      failure = error;
+      return error.code === 'FLEET_START_FAILED';
+    });
+    assert.equal(failure.details.executorOutcome.reason, expectedReason);
+    assert.equal(control.identity(context.worker).state, 'working');
+    assert.equal(control.identity(context.worker).runtimeSessionId,
+      expectedRuntimeSessionId ?? plan.actions[0].runtimeSessionId ?? 'overflow-thread');
+    return failure;
+  } finally { control.close(); }
+}
+
+function interruptReducerAfterIdentity() {
+  const expectedIdentity = '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"interrupted-thread"}\n';
+  const childProgram = [
+    'process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({type:"thread.started",thread_id:"interrupted-thread"}) + "\\n");',
+    'process.on("SIGTERM", () => process.exit(0));',
+    'setInterval(() => {}, 1_000);',
+  ].join('');
+  const helper = spawn(process.execPath, [CODEX_PROTOCOL_REDUCER, process.execPath, '-e', childProgram], {
+    stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+  });
+  helper.stdout.setEncoding('utf8');
+  helper.stderr.setEncoding('utf8');
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    let stdout = '';
+    let stderr = '';
+    let interrupted = false;
+    let failure = null;
+    const terminate = () => {
+      if (helper.exitCode === null && helper.signalCode === null) helper.kill('SIGTERM');
+    };
+    const watchdog = setTimeout(() => {
+      failure ??= new Error('helper did not emit its bounded identity; terminating owned fixture process');
+      terminate();
+    }, 1_000);
+    helper.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      stdout += chunk;
+      try {
+        if (!interrupted && stdout === expectedIdentity) {
+          interrupted = true;
+          assert.equal(helper.exitCode, null, 'helper must still be live when the reduced identity arrives');
+          assert.equal(helper.signalCode, null, 'identity must not depend on a close event');
+          assert.equal(helper.kill('SIGTERM'), true, 'parent must forward interruption through the real helper process');
+        } else if (!expectedIdentity.startsWith(stdout)) {
+          failure ??= new Error(`helper emitted unexpected reduced protocol bytes: ${JSON.stringify(stdout)}`);
+          terminate();
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        failure ??= error;
+        terminate();
+      }
+    });
+    helper.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => { stderr += chunk; });
+    helper.once('error', (error) => {
+      failure ??= error;
+      terminate();
+    });
+    helper.once('close', (status, signal) => {
+      clearTimeout(watchdog);
+      try {
+        assert.throws(() => process.kill(helper.pid, 0), { code: 'ESRCH' }, 'owned helper must be absent after close');
+        if (failure) reject(failure);
+        else resolve({ status, signal, stdout, stderr, interrupted });
+      } catch (error) { reject(error); }
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+async function captureStdout(action) {
+  const originalWrite = process.stdout.write;
+  let output = '';
+  process.stdout.write = function capture(chunk, ...args) {
+    output += typeof chunk === 'string' ? chunk : chunk.toString('utf8');
+    return originalWrite.call(this, '', ...args);
+  };
+  try {
+    return { status: await action(), output };
+  } finally {
+    process.stdout.write = originalWrite;
+  }
+}
+
+function nativeSpawnGuard({ expectedEnv, expectedMarker, delegate } = {}) {
+  const calls = [];
+  const guard = (command, args, options) => {
+    calls.push({ command, args, options });
+    assert.equal(command, process.execPath, 'Codex must launch through the real protocol reducer process');
+    assert.equal(args[0], CODEX_PROTOCOL_REDUCER);
+    assert.equal(args[1], 'codex');
+    assert.equal(options.env, expectedEnv, 'runCli must forward the exact injected environment');
+    assert.equal(options.env.PATH, expectedEnv.PATH);
+    assert.equal(options.env.TORCH_FAKE_CODEX_INVOCATION_MARKER, expectedMarker);
+    if (!expectedMarker) throw new Error('fixture guard rejected missing Codex invocation marker before spawn');
+    return delegate(command, args, options);
+  };
+  guard.torchNativeSpawnGuard = true;
+  return { guard, calls };
+}
+
+test('SCN-executor-interrupted-outcomes: a graceful ready timeout, signal, or ENOBUFS cannot create an idle turn or disclose output', () => {
+  const readyDirectory = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'torch-executor-ready-'));
+  const readyPath = join(readyDirectory, 'ready');
+  const timeout = spawnSync(process.execPath, [
+    '-e', 'const fs = require("node:fs"); fs.writeFileSync(process.env.TORCH_READY_PATH, "ready"); process.on("SIGTERM", () => process.exit(0)); setInterval(() => {}, 1000);',
+  ], {
+    encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'], timeout: 1_000, killSignal: 'SIGTERM',
+    env: { ...process.env, TORCH_READY_PATH: readyPath },
+  });
+  assert.equal(existsSync(readyPath), true, 'child reached its readiness boundary before timeout delivery');
+  assert.equal(timeout.status, 0);
+  assert.equal(timeout.error?.code, 'ETIMEDOUT');
+  expectInterruptedStart({ context: fixture(), result: timeout, expectedReason: 'executor-error-ETIMEDOUT' });
+
+  expectInterruptedStart({
+    context: fixture(), result: { status: null, signal: 'SIGTERM' }, expectedReason: 'executor-signal',
+  });
+
+  const screenshotPayload = 'image-data-'.repeat(200_000);
+  const overflow = expectInterruptedStart({
+    context: fixture(),
+    result: {
+      status: 0, error: Object.assign(new Error('private reasoning should not be reported'), { code: 'ENOBUFS' }),
+      stdout: screenshotPayload,
+      stderr: 'token=fixture-token password=fixture-password prompt=private-prompt',
+    },
+    expectedReason: 'executor-error-ENOBUFS',
+  });
+  assert.doesNotMatch(JSON.stringify(overflow.details), /image-data|fixture-token|fixture-password|private-prompt/);
+
+  const overflowContext = fixture();
+  expectInterruptedStart({
+    context: overflowContext,
+    plan: planFor(overflowContext, { runtimeSessionId: null, requiresRuntimeIdCapture: true }),
+    result: {
+      status: 0, error: Object.assign(new Error('overflow'), { code: 'ENOBUFS' }),
+      stdout: `{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"overflow-thread"}\n${screenshotPayload}`,
+    },
+    expectedReason: 'executor-error-ENOBUFS',
+  });
+});
+
+test('SCN-codex-streaming-protocol-reduction: screenshot-heavy successful turns retain only bounded lifecycle facts', () => {
+  const childProgram = [
+    'const records = [JSON.stringify({type:"thread.started",thread_id:"streamed-thread"}), JSON.stringify({type:"item.completed",image_url:"data:image/png;base64," + "x".repeat(40000)}), JSON.stringify({type:"turn.completed"})].join("\\n") + "\\n";',
+    'process.stdout.write(records);',
+    'process.stderr.write("private reasoning=fixture-analysis token=fixture-token\\n");',
+  ].join('');
+  const result = spawnSync(process.execPath, [CODEX_PROTOCOL_REDUCER, process.execPath, '-e', childProgram], {
+    encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'], maxBuffer: 64 * 1024,
+  });
+  assert.equal(result.status, 0, result.stderr);
+  assert.equal(result.stdout, '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"streamed-thread"}\n{"type":"turn.completed"}\n');
+  assert.ok(Buffer.byteLength(result.stdout) < 256);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(`${result.stdout}\n${result.stderr}`, /image\/png|fixture-analysis|fixture-token|x{512}/);
+  const context = fixture();
+  const control = openControlPlane({ repositoryRoot: context.root, env: context.env });
+  try {
+    startFleet({
+      plan: planFor(context, { runtimeSessionId: null, requiresRuntimeIdCapture: true }), controlPlane: control,
+      adapters: new Map([['codex', createCodexAdapter()]]), executor: () => result,
+    });
+    assert.equal(control.identity(context.worker).state, 'idle');
+    assert.equal(control.identity(context.worker).runtimeSessionId, 'streamed-thread');
+  } finally { control.close(); }
+});
+
+test('SCN-codex-final-terminal-state: a later failed terminal overrides an earlier completion and child signals/errors remain explicit', () => {
+  const failedTerminal = spawnSync(process.execPath, [CODEX_PROTOCOL_REDUCER, process.execPath, '-e', [
+    'process.stdout.write([JSON.stringify({type:"thread.started",thread_id:"terminal-thread"}), JSON.stringify({type:"turn.completed"}), JSON.stringify({type:"turn.failed",code:"MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED",message:"private reasoning=hidden"})].join("\\n") + "\\n");',
+  ].join('')], { encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] });
+  assert.equal(failedTerminal.status, 0, failedTerminal.stderr);
+  assert.equal(failedTerminal.stdout, '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"terminal-thread"}\n{"type":"turn.failed","code":"MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED"}\n');
+  const context = fixture();
+  const control = openControlPlane({ repositoryRoot: context.root, env: context.env });
+  try {
+    assert.throws(() => startFleet({
+      plan: planFor(context, { runtimeSessionId: null, requiresRuntimeIdCapture: true }), controlPlane: control,
+      adapters: new Map([['codex', createCodexAdapter()]]), executor: () => failedTerminal,
+    }), (error) => error.code === 'FLEET_START_FAILED'
+      && error.details.executorOutcome.reason === 'codex-terminal-event-missing'
+      && error.details.diagnostic.code === 'MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED');
+    assert.equal(control.identity(context.worker).runtimeSessionId, 'terminal-thread');
+    assert.equal(control.identity(context.worker).state, 'working');
+  } finally { control.close(); }
+
+  const signalled = spawnSync(process.execPath, [CODEX_PROTOCOL_REDUCER, process.execPath,
+    '-e', 'process.kill(process.pid, "SIGTERM")'], { encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] });
+  assert.equal(signalled.signal, 'SIGTERM');
+  expectInterruptedStart({ context: fixture(), result: signalled, expectedReason: 'executor-signal' });
+
+  const unavailable = spawnSync(process.execPath, [CODEX_PROTOCOL_REDUCER, '/definitely/missing-torch-runtime'], {
+    encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+  });
+  assert.equal(unavailable.status, 1);
+  assert.equal(unavailable.stdout, '{"type":"error","code":"ENOENT"}\n');
+});
+
+test('SCN-codex-interrupted-identity: a real helper emits a bounded identity before deterministic parent interruption and remains uncertain', async () => {
+  const result = await interruptReducerAfterIdentity();
+  assert.equal(result.interrupted, true);
+  assert.equal(result.status, null);
+  assert.equal(result.signal, 'SIGTERM');
+  assert.equal(result.stdout, '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"interrupted-thread"}\n');
+  assert.equal(result.stderr, '');
+  const context = fixture();
+  expectInterruptedStart({
+    context,
+    plan: planFor(context, { runtimeSessionId: null, requiresRuntimeIdCapture: true }),
+    result,
+    expectedReason: 'executor-signal',
+    expectedRuntimeSessionId: 'interrupted-thread',
+  });
+});
+
+test('SCN-codex-code-less-diagnostics: no-code model, authentication, and quota errors retain only safe categories', () => {
+  const cases = [
+    ['The requested model is not supported; prompt=private-prompt', 'model-rejection'],
+    ['Authentication rejected this credential; private reasoning=secret-analysis', 'authentication'],
+    ['Quota exceeded for this account; image=data:image/png;base64,fixture-image', 'quota'],
+  ];
+  for (const [message, category] of cases) {
+    const childProgram = `process.stdout.write(${JSON.stringify(`${JSON.stringify({ type: 'error', message, prompt: 'private-prompt', reasoning: 'secret-analysis', image_url: 'data:image/png;base64,fixture-image' })}\n`)});`;
+    const result = spawnSync(process.execPath, [CODEX_PROTOCOL_REDUCER, process.execPath, '-e', childProgram], {
+      encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+    });
+    assert.equal(result.status, 0, result.stderr);
+    assert.equal(result.stdout, `{"type":"turn.failed","category":"${category}"}\n`);
+    const diagnostic = createCodexAdapter().diagnoseStartupFailure(result);
+    assert.deepEqual(diagnostic, {
+      schema: 'torch.dev/runtime-startup-diagnostic/v1alpha1', outcome: 'known', category, stderr: null,
+    });
+    assert.doesNotMatch(`${result.stdout}\n${result.stderr}\n${JSON.stringify(diagnostic)}`,
+      /private-prompt|secret-analysis|fixture-image|image\/png/);
+  }
+});
+
+test('SCN-cli-codex-protocol-routing: the CLI routes Codex launch output through the bounded protocol reducer', () => {
+  const result = executeRuntimeLaunch(spawnSync, {
+    runtime: 'codex', command: process.execPath,
+    args: ['-e', 'process.stdout.write("{\\"type\\":\\"thread.started\\",\\"thread_id\\":\\"cli-thread\\"}\\n{\\"type\\":\\"turn.completed\\"}\\n")'],
+  }, { cwd: process.cwd(), encoding: 'utf8', stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'], maxBuffer: 1024 });
+  assert.equal(result.status, 0, result.stderr);
+  assert.equal(result.stdout, '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"cli-thread"}\n{"type":"turn.completed"}\n');
+});
+
+test('SCN-cli-codex-real-executable: an actual runCli invocation reaches the isolated Codex executable through the reducer', async () => {
+  const context = fixture();
+  const bin = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'torch-codex-bin-'));
+  const executable = join(bin, 'codex');
+  const marker = join(bin, 'invocation.json');
+  const markerEnv = 'TORCH_FAKE_CODEX_INVOCATION_MARKER';
+  const inheritedMarker = process.env[markerEnv];
+  writeFileSync(executable, [
+    '#!/usr/bin/env node',
+    'const fs = require("node:fs");',
+    `const marker = process.env.${markerEnv};`,
+    'if (!marker) { process.stderr.write("missing isolated invocation marker\\n"); process.exit(86); }',
+    'fs.writeFileSync(marker, JSON.stringify({ cwd: process.cwd(), args: process.argv.slice(2) }));',
+    'process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({type:"thread.started",thread_id:"cli-boundary-thread"}) + "\\n");',
+    'process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({type:"turn.completed"}) + "\\n");',
+  ].join('\n'));
+  chmodSync(executable, 0o755);
+  const cliOptions = {
+    cwd: context.root,
+    env: { ...context.env, PATH: `${bin}:${process.env.PATH}`, [markerEnv]: marker },
+  };
+  const worktreeParent = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), 'torch-cli-worktrees-'));
+  execFileSync('git', ['-C', context.root, 'add', '.torch']);
+  execFileSync('git', ['-C', context.root, 'commit', '-m', 'commit fixture installation state']);
+  const worktrees = await captureStdout(() => runCli([
+    'worktrees', '--parent', worktreeParent, '--yes', '--json',
+  ], cliOptions));
+  assert.equal(worktrees.status, 0, worktrees.output);
+  const missingEnv = { ...context.env, PATH: `${bin}:${process.env.PATH}` };
+  const missingMarkerGuard = nativeSpawnGuard({
+    expectedEnv: missingEnv, expectedMarker: undefined, delegate: spawnSync,
+  });
+  const missingMarker = await captureStdout(() => runCli([
+    'up', '--fresh', '--only', context.worker, '--yes', '--json',
+  ], {
+    cwd: context.root,
+    env: missingEnv,
+    spawn: missingMarkerGuard.guard,
+  }));
+  assert.equal(missingMarker.status, 1, missingMarker.output);
+  assert.equal(JSON.parse(missingMarker.output).error, 'UNEXPECTED_ERROR');
+  assert.equal(missingMarkerGuard.calls.length, 1, 'guard must reject before any native child starts');
+  assert.equal(existsSync(marker), false, 'fake executable must fail before it can claim invocation without its marker');
+  assert.ok(Buffer.byteLength(missingMarker.output) < 4 * 1024, 'failed CLI response must remain bounded');
+  const validGuard = nativeSpawnGuard({
+    expectedEnv: cliOptions.env, expectedMarker: marker, delegate: spawnSync,
+  });
+  const captured = await captureStdout(() => runCli([
+    'up', '--fresh', '--only', context.worker, '--yes', '--json',
+  ], { ...cliOptions, spawn: validGuard.guard }));
+  assert.equal(captured.status, 0, captured.output);
+  assert.equal(validGuard.calls.length, 1, 'valid guard must delegate exactly one native reducer launch');
+  assert.equal(process.env[markerEnv], inheritedMarker, 'runCli must not mutate the process environment');
+  const invocation = JSON.parse(readFileSync(marker, 'utf8'));
+  assert.equal(invocation.args.includes('exec'), true, 'the isolated executable must receive the Codex exec invocation');
+  assert.equal(invocation.args.includes('--json'), true);
+  assert.match(invocation.cwd, /\/core$/);
+  assert.ok(Buffer.byteLength(captured.output) < 4 * 1024, 'CLI response must remain bounded');
+  const response = JSON.parse(captured.output);
+  assert.deepEqual(response.started, [{
+    areaId: context.worker, runtimeSessionId: 'cli-boundary-thread', mode: 'create',
+  }]);
+  const control = openControlPlane({ repositoryRoot: context.root, env: context.env });
+  try {
+    assert.equal(control.identity(context.worker).state, 'idle');
+    assert.equal(control.identity(context.worker).runtimeSessionId, 'cli-boundary-thread');
+  } finally { control.close(); }
+});
+
+test('SCN-scheduled-manager-wake-terminal-failure: the real manager-check-in boundary fails rather than invoking a successful wake receipt', () => {
+  const context = fixture();
+  const configPath = join(context.root, '.torch', 'torch.yaml');
+  const config = JSON.parse(readFileSync(configPath, 'utf8'));
+  config.runtime_wake_budget = { max_invocations_per_day: 1 };
+  config.schedules.push({
+    id: 'manager-check-in', title: 'Manager check-in', owner: 'session-manager', lifetime: 'system',
+    trigger: { type: 'manual' }, behavior: 'coordination', required_authority: ['owner'],
+    action: { type: 'manager-check-in', manager_id: 'session-manager', wake: { enabled: true, budget_mode: 'invocation-count' } },
+    retry: { max_attempts: 1 }, failure_recipient: 'owner', source_of_truth: 'test fixture',
+  });
+  writeFileSync(configPath, `${JSON.stringify(config, null, 2)}\n`);
+  const control = openControlPlane({ repositoryRoot: context.root, env: context.env });
+  try {
+    const service = new ScheduleService({
+      repositoryRoot: context.root, controlPlane: control,
+      wakeManager: {
+        plan: ({ managerId }) => ({ plan: {
+          canProceed: true, actions: [{ areaId: managerId, runtime: 'codex' }],
+        }, adapters: new Map([['codex', createCodexAdapter()]]) }),
+        invoke: ({ managerId, prepared }) => startFleet({
+          plan: {
+            canProceed: true, projectId: 'executor-outcomes-fixture', actions: [{
+              areaId: managerId, runtime: 'codex', runtimeSessionId: null, requiresRuntimeIdCapture: true,
+              completionState: 'idle', mode: 'create', promptFile: join(context.root, 'manager-prompt.md'),
+              instructionText: 'manager wake', launch: { command: 'codex', args: [], cwd: context.root },
+            }],
+          }, controlPlane: control, adapters: prepared.adapters,
+          executor: () => ({ status: 0, stdout: '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"manager-interrupted"}\n' }),
+        }),
+      },
+    });
+    const run = service.run({ scheduleId: 'manager-check-in', actorId: 'owner', approved: true });
+    assert.equal(run.result, 'failed');
+    assert.equal(control.identity('session-manager').state, 'working');
+    assert.equal(control.identity('session-manager').runtimeSessionId, 'manager-interrupted');
+    assert.equal(service.wakeReservations({ managerId: 'session-manager' })[0].outcome, 'failed');
+  } finally { control.close(); }
+});
+
+test('SCN-scheduled-executor-failure: a zero-status executor error records failure and keeps output bounded and redacted', () => {
+  const context = fixture();
+  const control = openControlPlane({ repositoryRoot: context.root, env: context.env });
+  try {
+    control.reportStatus({ areaId: 'session-manager', state: 'idle', summary: 'Fixture session is available.' });
+    const service = new ScheduleService({
+      repositoryRoot: context.root, controlPlane: control,
+      executor: () => ({
+        status: 0,
+        error: Object.assign(new Error('private reasoning=fixture-analysis'), { code: 'ENOBUFS' }),
+        stdout: 'screenshot-data-'.repeat(200_000),
+        stderr: 'token=fixture-token password=fixture-password',
+      }),
+    });
+    const run = service.run({ scheduleId: 'domain-audit', actorId: context.worker });
+    assert.equal(run.result, 'failed');
+    assert.equal(run.exitStatus, 0);
+    assert.match(run.stdout, /\[truncated\]/);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(`${run.stdout}\n${run.stderr}`, /fixture-token|fixture-password|fixture-analysis/);
+  } finally { control.close(); }
+});
diff --git a/test/fleet/lifecycle.test.mjs b/test/fleet/lifecycle.test.mjs
index 14effb5..28e5e07 100644
--- a/test/fleet/lifecycle.test.mjs
+++ b/test/fleet/lifecycle.test.mjs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import { defaultManagerCheckInSchedule, organizationGraphFromConfig } from '../.
 import { createWorktrees } from '../../src/kernel/worktrees.mjs';
 import { ResourceService } from '../../src/resources/service.mjs';
 import {
-  createFleetBrief, detachFleet, planFleetDetach, planFleetDown, planFleetUp, startFleet, stopFleet,
+  createFleetBrief, detachFleet, planAreaUp, planFleetDetach, planFleetDown, planFleetUp, startFleet, stopFleet,
 } from '../../src/runtime/lifecycle.mjs';
 
 function fleetFixture({ workerRuntime = 'claude', hierarchy = false } = {}) {
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ test('SCN-mixed-runtime: Codex and Claude share stable identities while planning
   const started = startFleet({
     plan, controlPlane: control, adapters,
     executor: (launch) => launch.areaId === fixture.worker
-      ? { status: 0, stdout: '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"codex-worker-1"}\n' }
+      ? { status: 0, stdout: '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"codex-worker-1"}\n{"type":"turn.completed"}\n' }
       : { status: 0, stdout: 'claude-manager-1\n' },
   });
   assert.deepEqual(started.started.map((item) => item.runtimeSessionId), [
@@ -360,3 +360,124 @@ test('SCN-mixed-runtime: Codex and Claude share stable identities while planning
   assert.equal(control.identity(fixture.worker).state, 'offline');
   control.close();
 });
+
+test('SCN-codex-terminal-completion: a captured Codex identity is not a completed turn without terminal evidence', () => {
+  const fixture = fleetFixture({ workerRuntime: 'codex' });
+  const control = openControlPlane({ repositoryRoot: fixture.root, env: fixture.env });
+  const adapters = new Map([
+    ['claude', createClaudeAdapter()],
+    ['codex', createCodexAdapter({ executable: 'codex' })],
+  ]);
+  const plan = planFleetUp({ repositoryRoot: fixture.root, controlPlane: control, adapters, fresh: true });
+  assert.throws(() => startFleet({
+    plan, controlPlane: control, adapters,
+    executor: (launch) => launch.areaId === fixture.worker
+      ? { status: 0, stdout: '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"codex-interrupted-1"}\n' }
+      : { status: 0, stdout: 'claude-manager-1\n' },
+  }), (error) => error.code === 'FLEET_START_FAILED'
+    && error.details.executorOutcome.reason === 'codex-terminal-event-missing');
+  assert.equal(control.identity(fixture.worker).state, 'working');
+  assert.equal(control.identity(fixture.worker).runtimeSessionId, 'codex-interrupted-1');
+  const duplicate = planAreaUp({
+    repositoryRoot: fixture.root, controlPlane: control, areaId: fixture.worker, adapters,
+  });
+  assert.equal(duplicate.canProceed, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(duplicate.blockers, [{
+    areaId: fixture.worker, code: 'RUNTIME_IDENTITY_ACTIVE', state: 'working',
+    runtimeSessionId: 'codex-interrupted-1',
+  }]);
+  control.close();
+});
+
+test('SCN-codex-startup-diagnostics: owner-visible startup failures prefer bounded structured Codex evidence without disclosure', () => {
+  const modelFixture = fleetFixture({ workerRuntime: 'codex' });
+  const modelControl = openControlPlane({ repositoryRoot: modelFixture.root, env: modelFixture.env });
+  const modelAdapters = new Map([
+    ['claude', createClaudeAdapter()],
+    ['codex', createCodexAdapter({ executable: 'codex' })],
+  ]);
+  const modelPlan = planFleetUp({
+    repositoryRoot: modelFixture.root, controlPlane: modelControl, adapters: modelAdapters, fresh: true,
+  });
+  let modelFailure;
+  assert.throws(
+    () => startFleet({
+      plan: modelPlan, controlPlane: modelControl, adapters: modelAdapters,
+      executor: (launch) => launch.areaId === modelFixture.worker
+        ? {
+          status: 23,
+          stdout: '{"type":"error","code":"MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED","message":"Requested model fixture-model is not supported","prompt":"fixture prompt must not leak"}\n',
+          stderr: 'Vercel MCP authentication warning: token=fixture-token password=fixture-password',
+        }
+        : { status: 0, stdout: 'claude-manager-1\n' },
+    }),
+    (error) => {
+      modelFailure = error;
+      return error.code === 'FLEET_START_FAILED' && error.details.status === 23;
+    },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(modelFailure.details.diagnostic, {
+    schema: 'torch.dev/runtime-startup-diagnostic/v1alpha1', outcome: 'known',
+    category: 'model-rejection', code: 'MODEL_NOT_SUPPORTED',
+    message: 'Requested model fixture-model is not supported',
+    stderr: 'Vercel MCP authentication warning: token=[REDACTED] password=[REDACTED]',
+  });
+  assert.equal(modelFailure.details.stderr, modelFailure.details.diagnostic.stderr);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(JSON.stringify(modelFailure.details), /fixture prompt|fixture-token|fixture-password/);
+  assert.equal(modelControl.identity(modelFixture.worker).state, 'offline');
+  modelControl.close();
+
+  const malformedFixture = fleetFixture({ workerRuntime: 'codex' });
+  const malformedControl = openControlPlane({ repositoryRoot: malformedFixture.root, env: malformedFixture.env });
+  const malformedAdapters = new Map([
+    ['claude', createClaudeAdapter()],
+    ['codex', createCodexAdapter({ executable: 'codex' })],
+  ]);
+  const malformedPlan = planFleetUp({
+    repositoryRoot: malformedFixture.root, controlPlane: malformedControl, adapters: malformedAdapters, fresh: true,
+  });
+  let malformedFailure;
+  assert.throws(
+    () => startFleet({
+      plan: malformedPlan, controlPlane: malformedControl, adapters: malformedAdapters,
+      executor: (launch) => launch.areaId === malformedFixture.worker
+        ? { status: 24, stdout: '{malformed Codex event', stderr: 'MCP warning' }
+        : { status: 0, stdout: 'claude-manager-2\n' },
+    }),
+    (error) => {
+      malformedFailure = error;
+      return error.code === 'FLEET_START_FAILED' && error.details.status === 24;
+    },
+  );
+  assert.equal(malformedFailure.details.diagnostic.outcome, 'unknown');
+  assert.equal(malformedFailure.details.diagnostic.reason, 'stdout-malformed-json');
+  assert.equal(malformedFailure.details.diagnostic.stderr, 'MCP warning');
+  malformedControl.close();
+
+  const oversizedFixture = fleetFixture({ workerRuntime: 'codex' });
+  const oversizedControl = openControlPlane({ repositoryRoot: oversizedFixture.root, env: oversizedFixture.env });
+  const oversizedAdapters = new Map([
+    ['claude', createClaudeAdapter()],
+    ['codex', createCodexAdapter({ executable: 'codex' })],
+  ]);
+  const oversizedPlan = planFleetUp({
+    repositoryRoot: oversizedFixture.root, controlPlane: oversizedControl, adapters: oversizedAdapters, fresh: true,
+  });
+  let oversizedFailure;
+  assert.throws(
+    () => startFleet({
+      plan: oversizedPlan, controlPlane: oversizedControl, adapters: oversizedAdapters,
+      executor: (launch) => launch.areaId === oversizedFixture.worker
+        ? { status: 25, stdout: 'x'.repeat((16 * 1024) + 1), stderr: 'MCP warning' }
+        : { status: 0, stdout: 'claude-manager-3\n' },
+    }),
+    (error) => {
+      oversizedFailure = error;
+      return error.code === 'FLEET_START_FAILED' && error.details.status === 25;
+    },
+  );
+  assert.equal(oversizedFailure.details.diagnostic.outcome, 'unknown');
+  assert.equal(oversizedFailure.details.diagnostic.reason, 'stdout-exceeds-bound');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(JSON.stringify(oversizedFailure.details), /x{512}/);
+  oversizedControl.close();
+});
diff --git a/test/fleet/provider-updates.test.mjs b/test/fleet/provider-updates.test.mjs
index b79b8ba..7f363c0 100644
--- a/test/fleet/provider-updates.test.mjs
+++ b/test/fleet/provider-updates.test.mjs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ function fixture() {
       return { status: 0, stdout: 'installed' };
     }
     return { status: 0, stdout: args[0] === '--version' ? `provider ${version}`
-      : args.includes('exec') ? '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"provider-update-fixture-session"}\n' : 'help' };
+      : args.includes('exec') ? '{"type":"thread.started","thread_id":"provider-update-fixture-session"}\n{"type":"turn.completed"}\n' : 'help' };
   };
   return { env, calls, runner, next: v => { version = v; }, breakInstall: () => { failInstall = true; } };
 }