diff --git a/src/integration/adoption.mjs b/src/integration/adoption.mjs
index fc06c04..2aeb1d5 100644
--- a/src/integration/adoption.mjs
+++ b/src/integration/adoption.mjs
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
 import { createHash, randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
 import { spawnSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import { resolve } from 'node:path';
 import { TorchError } from '../kernel/errors.mjs';
 import { observeRuntimeTurn } from '../runtime/turn-guard.mjs';
 
 const ADOPTION_SCHEMA = 'torch.dev/integration-adoption/v1alpha1';
 const AUTHORITY_SCHEMA = 'torch.dev/integration-adoption-authority/v1alpha1';
+const ADAPTER_NAME = 'git-private-ref-cas-v1';
 const ACTIONS = new Set(['plan', 'prepare', 'finalize', 'reconcile', 'rollback', 'request']);
 const MUTATING_ACTIONS = new Set(['prepare', 'finalize', 'rollback', 'request']);
 const SHA = /^[0-9a-f]{40,64}$/;
 const SAFE_ID = /^[a-zA-Z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9._-]{0,119}$/;
+const ZERO_SHA = '0'.repeat(40);
 
 function git(root, args, { allowFailure = false } = {}) {
   const result = spawnSync('git', ['-C', root, ...args], { encoding: 'utf8' });
@@ -39,6 +42,10 @@ function sha(value, name) {
   return normalized;
 }
 
+function digest(value) {
+  return createHash('sha256').update(JSON.stringify(value)).digest('hex');
+}
+
 function durableRecord(event) {
   if (!event?.details) return null;
   try {
@@ -68,38 +75,86 @@ function exactAuthority(authority, binding) {
   const fields = ['adoptionId', 'candidateSha', 'baseTargetSha', 'provenanceManifestDigest',
     'contributorArea', 'destinationArea', 'targetBranch', 'candidateRef', 'expectedOldRef'];
   return fields.every((field) => authority[field] === binding[field])
-    && authority.fixture?.id === binding.fixture?.id
-    && authority.fixture?.adapter === binding.fixture?.adapter;
+    && authority.adapter?.name === binding.adapter?.name
+    && authority.adapter?.id === binding.adapter?.id;
 }
 
-function adapterReceipt(value) {
-  return createHash('sha256').update(JSON.stringify(value)).digest('hex');
+function exactInput(record, input) {
+  const fields = ['adoptionId', 'candidateSha', 'baseTargetSha', 'provenanceManifestDigest',
+    'contributorArea', 'destinationArea', 'targetBranch', 'candidateRef', 'expectedOldRef'];
+  const mismatches = fields.filter((field) => input[field] !== undefined && input[field] !== record[field]);
+  if (input.provenance !== undefined && JSON.stringify(input.provenance) !== JSON.stringify(record.provenance)) mismatches.push('provenance');
+  if (mismatches.length) throw new TorchError('Lifecycle input cannot override immutable prepared adoption fields', {
+    code: 'ADOPTION_IMMUTABLE_BINDING_STALE', details: { adoptionId: record.id, fields: mismatches },
+  });
 }
 
 /**
- * Adoption is source-only. Ref-changing methods can only call an injected
- * hermetic fixture adapter; the normal service has none. Approval is an exact,
- * revision-bound JSON decision recorded by the existing approval service.
+ * Real Git private-ref transaction adapter. It is source code only: callers
+ * decide when it is invoked, while the adapter itself gives temp-repository
+ * scenarios the same atomic update-ref semantics as a real repository.
  */
+export class GitPrivateRefAdapter {
+  constructor({ repositoryRoot } = {}) {
+    this.repositoryRoot = resolve(text(repositoryRoot, 'repositoryRoot'));
+    this.name = ADAPTER_NAME;
+    this.id = digest({ adapter: this.name, repositoryRoot: this.repositoryRoot });
+  }
+
+  readRefs(refs) {
+    const values = {};
+    for (const ref of refs) {
+      const result = git(this.repositoryRoot, ['rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', ref], { allowFailure: true });
+      values[ref] = result.status === 0 ? result.stdout : null;
+    }
+    return values;
+  }
+
+  compareAndSwapRefs({ expected = [], writes = [] } = {}) {
+    const commands = ['start'];
+    for (const { ref, sha: expectedSha } of expected) {
+      commands.push(`verify ${text(ref, 'ref')} ${expectedSha ?? ZERO_SHA}`);
+    }
+    for (const { ref, sha: nextSha } of writes) {
+      const current = expected.find((entry) => entry.ref === ref)?.sha ?? null;
+      if (nextSha === null) commands.push(`delete ${text(ref, 'ref')} ${current ?? ZERO_SHA}`);
+      else commands.push(`update ${text(ref, 'ref')} ${sha(nextSha, 'next ref sha')} ${current ?? ZERO_SHA}`);
+    }
+    commands.push('prepare', 'commit', '');
+    const result = spawnSync('git', ['-C', this.repositoryRoot, 'update-ref', '--stdin'], {
+      input: commands.join('\n'), encoding: 'utf8',
+    });
+    if (result.status !== 0) throw new TorchError('Private ref compare-and-swap refused', {
+      code: 'ADOPTION_REF_CAS_FAILED', details: result.stderr?.trim() || null,
+    });
+    return { adapter: { name: this.name, id: this.id }, expected, writes };
+  }
+}
+
 export class AdoptionService {
-  constructor({ repositoryRoot, controlPlane, clock = () => new Date(), idFactory = randomUUID, policy, fixtureAdapter = null } = {}) {
+  constructor({ repositoryRoot, controlPlane, clock = () => new Date(), idFactory = randomUUID, policy, refAdapter } = {}) {
     this.repositoryRoot = repositoryRoot;
     this.controlPlane = controlPlane;
     this.clock = clock;
     this.idFactory = idFactory;
     this.policy = policy ?? {};
-    this.fixtureAdapter = fixtureAdapter;
+    this.refAdapter = refAdapter ?? new GitPrivateRefAdapter({ repositoryRoot });
   }
 
   plan({ action = 'plan', actorId, approvalId, approvalRevision, adoptionId,
     candidateSha, baseTargetSha, provenance, provenanceManifestDigest, contributorArea,
-    destinationArea, targetBranch, candidateRef, expectedOldRef, fixture } = {}) {
+    destinationArea, targetBranch, candidateRef, expectedOldRef, adapter } = {}) {
     const blockers = [];
     const id = adoptionId ? text(adoptionId, 'adoptionId') : null;
     if (id && !SAFE_ID.test(id)) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_ID_INVALID' });
     if (!ACTIONS.has(action)) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_ACTION_INVALID' });
     if (actorId !== 'owner') blockers.push({ code: 'OWNER_ACTOR_REQUIRED' });
     if (!Number.isInteger(approvalRevision) || approvalRevision < 1) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_APPROVAL_REVISION_REQUIRED' });
+    const adapterBinding = adapter?.name && adapter?.id ? { name: adapter.name, id: adapter.id } : null;
+    if (MUTATING_ACTIONS.has(action) && !adapterBinding) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_ADAPTER_BINDING_REQUIRED' });
+    if (adapterBinding && (adapterBinding.name !== this.refAdapter.name || adapterBinding.id !== this.refAdapter.id)) {
+      blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_ADAPTER_PROVENANCE_INVALID' });
+    }
 
     let candidate; let base; let provenanceDigest;
     try {
@@ -108,10 +163,8 @@ export class AdoptionService {
       if (!Array.isArray(provenance) || !provenance.length || provenance.some((entry) => typeof entry !== 'string' || !entry)) {
         throw new TorchError('provenance must be a non-empty ordered string list', { code: 'ADOPTION_INPUT_INVALID' });
       }
-      provenanceDigest = createHash('sha256').update(JSON.stringify(provenance)).digest('hex');
-      if (sha(provenanceManifestDigest, 'provenanceManifestDigest') !== provenanceDigest) {
-        blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_PROVENANCE_DIGEST_MISMATCH', expected: provenanceDigest });
-      }
+      provenanceDigest = digest(provenance);
+      if (sha(provenanceManifestDigest, 'provenanceManifestDigest') !== provenanceDigest) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_PROVENANCE_DIGEST_MISMATCH', expected: provenanceDigest });
     } catch (error) {
       blockers.push({ code: error.code ?? 'ADOPTION_INPUT_INVALID', details: error.details ?? null });
     }
@@ -120,14 +173,8 @@ export class AdoptionService {
     if (typeof target !== 'string' || !target.trim()) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_TARGET_REQUIRED' });
     const candidateReference = candidateRef ?? (id ? `refs/torch/integration-candidates/${id}` : null);
     const expectedReference = expectedOldRef ?? (target ? `refs/heads/${target}` : null);
-    if (!candidateReference || !/^refs\/torch\/integration-candidates\/[A-Za-z0-9._-]+$/.test(candidateReference)) {
-      blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_CANDIDATE_REF_INVALID' });
-    }
-    if (!expectedReference || !/^refs\/heads\/[A-Za-z0-9._/-]+$/.test(expectedReference)) {
-      blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_EXPECTED_REF_INVALID' });
-    }
-    const normalizedFixture = fixture?.id && fixture?.adapter ? { id: fixture.id, adapter: fixture.adapter } : null;
-    if (MUTATING_ACTIONS.has(action) && !normalizedFixture) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_HERMETIC_FIXTURE_REQUIRED' });
+    if (!candidateReference || !/^refs\/torch\/integration-candidates\/[A-Za-z0-9._-]+$/.test(candidateReference)) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_CANDIDATE_REF_INVALID' });
+    if (!expectedReference || !/^refs\/heads\/[A-Za-z0-9._/-]+$/.test(expectedReference)) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_EXPECTED_REF_INVALID' });
 
     let contributor; let destination;
     try { contributor = this.controlPlane.assertIdentity(text(contributorArea, 'contributorArea')); }
@@ -136,11 +183,11 @@ export class AdoptionService {
     catch (error) { blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_DESTINATION_INVALID', details: error.code ?? null }); }
     if (contributor && destination && contributor === destination) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_IDENTITIES_MUST_DIFFER' });
 
-    const approval = approvalId ? this.controlPlane.database.prepare(`SELECT * FROM approval_requests
-      WHERE id = ? AND project_id = ?`).get(approvalId, this.controlPlane.projectId) : null;
-    const binding = { action, adoptionId: id, candidateSha: candidate, baseTargetSha: base,
-      provenanceManifestDigest: provenanceDigest, contributorArea: contributor, destinationArea: destination,
-      targetBranch: target, candidateRef: candidateReference, expectedOldRef: expectedReference, fixture: normalizedFixture };
+    const binding = { action, adoptionId: id, candidateSha: candidate, baseTargetSha: base, provenanceManifestDigest: provenanceDigest,
+      contributorArea: contributor, destinationArea: destination, targetBranch: target, candidateRef: candidateReference,
+      expectedOldRef: expectedReference, adapter: adapterBinding };
+    const approval = approvalId ? this.controlPlane.database.prepare(`SELECT * FROM approval_requests WHERE id = ? AND project_id = ?`)
+      .get(approvalId, this.controlPlane.projectId) : null;
     if (!approval) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_APPROVAL_MISSING' });
     else if (approval.revision !== approvalRevision) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_APPROVAL_REVISION_STALE', actual: approval.revision });
     else if (!exactAuthority(authorityFrom(approval), binding)) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_APPROVAL_BINDING_INVALID' });
@@ -148,35 +195,27 @@ export class AdoptionService {
     if (candidate && git(this.repositoryRoot, ['cat-file', '-e', `${candidate}^{commit}`], { allowFailure: true }).status !== 0) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_CANDIDATE_MISSING' });
     if (base && git(this.repositoryRoot, ['cat-file', '-e', `${base}^{commit}`], { allowFailure: true }).status !== 0) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_BASE_MISSING' });
     if (candidate && base && git(this.repositoryRoot, ['merge-base', '--is-ancestor', base, candidate], { allowFailure: true }).status !== 0) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_CANDIDATE_NOT_DESCENDED_FROM_BASE' });
-    const fixtureRefs = normalizedFixture && this.fixtureAdapter
-      && this.fixtureAdapter.id === normalizedFixture.id && this.fixtureAdapter.name === normalizedFixture.adapter;
     if (expectedReference && base) {
-      const current = fixtureRefs
-        ? { status: 0, stdout: this.fixtureAdapter.readRefs([expectedReference])[expectedReference] ?? '' }
-        : git(this.repositoryRoot, ['rev-parse', expectedReference], { allowFailure: true });
-      if (current.status !== 0) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_EXPECTED_REF_MISSING' });
-      else if (current.stdout !== base) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_EXPECTED_REF_STALE', expected: base, actual: current.stdout });
+      const current = this.refAdapter.readRefs([expectedReference])[expectedReference];
+      if (!current) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_EXPECTED_REF_MISSING' });
+      else if (current !== base) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_EXPECTED_REF_STALE', expected: base, actual: current });
     }
-    const candidateExists = candidateReference && (fixtureRefs
-      ? this.fixtureAdapter.readRefs([candidateReference])[candidateReference] != null
-      : git(this.repositoryRoot, ['show-ref', '--verify', '--quiet', candidateReference], { allowFailure: true }).status === 0);
+    const candidateExists = candidateReference && this.refAdapter.readRefs([candidateReference])[candidateReference] != null;
     if (['plan', 'prepare', 'finalize'].includes(action) && candidateExists) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_CANDIDATE_REF_ALREADY_EXISTS' });
-    if (['reconcile', 'rollback', 'request'].includes(action) && !candidateExists) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_CANDIDATE_REF_MISSING' });
+    if (action === 'request' && !candidateExists) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_CANDIDATE_REF_MISSING' });
 
     for (const worktree of listWorktreePaths(this.repositoryRoot)) {
       const entries = git(worktree, ['status', '--porcelain=v1', '--untracked-files=all']).stdout.split('\n').filter(Boolean);
       if (entries.length) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_WORKTREE_DIRTY', worktree, entries });
     }
     if (tableExists(this.controlPlane.database, 'worktree_guards')) {
-      for (const guard of this.controlPlane.database.prepare(`SELECT area_id, guard_type, reason FROM worktree_guards
-        WHERE project_id = ? AND released_at IS NULL`).all(this.controlPlane.projectId)) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_WORKTREE_GUARD_ACTIVE', guard });
+      for (const guard of this.controlPlane.database.prepare(`SELECT area_id, guard_type, reason FROM worktree_guards WHERE project_id = ? AND released_at IS NULL`).all(this.controlPlane.projectId)) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_WORKTREE_GUARD_ACTIVE', guard });
     }
     if (tableExists(this.controlPlane.database, 'resource_leases')) {
       for (const lease of this.controlPlane.database.prepare(`SELECT id, resource_id, area_id FROM resource_leases WHERE released_at IS NULL`).all()) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_RESOURCE_LEASE_ACTIVE', lease });
     }
     if (tableExists(this.controlPlane.database, 'prepared_checks')) {
-      for (const check of this.controlPlane.database.prepare(`SELECT id, area_id, state FROM prepared_checks
-        WHERE project_id = ? AND state IN ('prepared', 'running')`).all(this.controlPlane.projectId)) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_PREPARED_CHECK_ACTIVE', check });
+      for (const check of this.controlPlane.database.prepare(`SELECT id, area_id, state FROM prepared_checks WHERE project_id = ? AND state IN ('prepared', 'running')`).all(this.controlPlane.projectId)) blockers.push({ code: 'ADOPTION_PREPARED_CHECK_ACTIVE', check });
     }
     for (const area of [contributor, destination].filter(Boolean)) {
       const executor = observeRuntimeTurn({ stateRoot: this.controlPlane.stateRoot, repositoryRoot: this.repositoryRoot,
@@ -185,14 +224,20 @@ export class AdoptionService {
     }
     return { action: `plan-adoption-${action}`, adoptionId: id, approval: approval ? { id: approval.id, revision: approval.revision, status: approval.status, approver: approval.approver_id } : null,
       authority: binding, candidateSha: candidate ?? null, baseTargetSha: base ?? null, provenanceManifestDigest: provenanceDigest ?? null,
-      contributorArea: contributor ?? null, destinationArea: destination ?? null, targetBranch: target ?? null,
-      candidateRef: candidateReference, expectedOldRef: expectedReference, blockers, canProceed: blockers.length === 0, mutationPerformed: false };
+      contributorArea: contributor ?? null, destinationArea: destination ?? null, targetBranch: target ?? null, candidateRef: candidateReference,
+      expectedOldRef: expectedReference, blockers, canProceed: blockers.length === 0, mutationPerformed: false };
   }
 
-  #record(adoptionId, record, operation) {
+  #append(adoptionId, expectedRevision, record, operation) {
     const now = this.clock().toISOString();
     this.controlPlane.database.exec('BEGIN IMMEDIATE');
     try {
+      const current = this.#find(adoptionId);
+      if (expectedRevision === null ? current : !current || current.revision !== expectedRevision) {
+        throw new TorchError('Adoption journal changed before this transition could be recorded', {
+          code: 'ADOPTION_RECORD_REVISION_STALE', details: { adoptionId, expectedRevision, actual: current?.revision ?? null },
+        });
+      }
       this.controlPlane.database.prepare(`INSERT INTO audit_events
         (id, project_id, actor_id, operation, entity_type, entity_id, details, created_at)
         VALUES (?, ?, 'owner', ?, 'integration-adoption', ?, ?, ?)`)
@@ -201,78 +246,91 @@ export class AdoptionService {
     } catch (error) { this.controlPlane.database.exec('ROLLBACK'); throw error; }
   }
 
-  #fixture(input) {
-    if (!this.fixtureAdapter || input.fixture?.adapter !== this.fixtureAdapter.name || input.fixture?.id !== this.fixtureAdapter.id) {
-      throw new TorchError('Adoption mutation is available only through its named hermetic fixture adapter', {
-        code: 'ADOPTION_HERMETIC_ADAPTER_REQUIRED', details: { fixture: input.fixture ?? null },
-      });
-    }
-    return this.fixtureAdapter;
+  #fromRecord(record, input, action) {
+    exactInput(record, input);
+    return this.plan({ action, actorId: input.actorId, approvalId: input.approvalId, approvalRevision: input.approvalRevision,
+      adoptionId: record.id, candidateSha: record.candidateSha, baseTargetSha: record.baseTargetSha, provenance: record.provenance,
+      provenanceManifestDigest: record.provenanceManifestDigest, contributorArea: record.contributorArea, destinationArea: record.destinationArea,
+      targetBranch: record.targetBranch, candidateRef: record.candidateRef, expectedOldRef: record.expectedOldRef, adapter: input.adapter });
   }
 
   prepare(input = {}) {
     const adoptionId = input.adoptionId ?? this.idFactory();
     const plan = this.plan({ ...input, action: 'prepare', adoptionId });
     if (!plan.canProceed) throw new TorchError('Adoption inputs are not eligible for preparation', { code: 'ADOPTION_PREPARE_BLOCKED', details: plan.blockers });
-    this.#fixture(input);
-    if (this.#find(adoptionId)) throw new TorchError('Adoption id is already journaled; reconcile its immutable record instead.', { code: 'ADOPTION_ALREADY_EXISTS', details: { adoptionId } });
     const now = this.clock().toISOString();
     const record = { schema: ADOPTION_SCHEMA, id: adoptionId, revision: 1, state: 'prepared', approvalId: text(input.approvalId, 'approvalId'),
-      approvalRevision: input.approvalRevision, authority: plan.authority, provenance: [...input.provenance], candidateSha: plan.candidateSha, baseTargetSha: plan.baseTargetSha,
-      provenanceManifestDigest: plan.provenanceManifestDigest, candidateRef: plan.candidateRef, expectedOldRef: plan.expectedOldRef,
-      contributorArea: plan.contributorArea, destinationArea: plan.destinationArea, targetBranch: plan.targetBranch,
+      approvalRevision: input.approvalRevision, authority: plan.authority, provenance: [...input.provenance], candidateSha: plan.candidateSha,
+      baseTargetSha: plan.baseTargetSha, provenanceManifestDigest: plan.provenanceManifestDigest, candidateRef: plan.candidateRef,
+      expectedOldRef: plan.expectedOldRef, contributorArea: plan.contributorArea, destinationArea: plan.destinationArea, targetBranch: plan.targetBranch,
       archiveRef: `refs/torch/integration-archives/${adoptionId}`, preparedAt: now, finalizedAt: null, rolledBackAt: null };
-    this.#record(adoptionId, record, 'integration.adoption.prepare');
+    this.#append(adoptionId, null, record, 'integration.adoption.prepare');
     return { ...record, mutationPerformed: true };
   }
 
   finalize(input = {}) {
     const record = this.getPrepared(text(input.adoptionId, 'adoptionId'));
     if (record.state !== 'prepared') throw new TorchError('Only a prepared adoption can be finalized', { code: 'ADOPTION_FINALIZE_STATE_INVALID', details: { state: record.state } });
-    const plan = this.plan({ ...record, ...input, action: 'finalize' });
+    const plan = this.#fromRecord(record, input, 'finalize');
     if (!plan.canProceed) throw new TorchError('Adoption finalize is blocked', { code: 'ADOPTION_FINALIZE_BLOCKED', details: plan.blockers });
-    const adapter = this.#fixture(input);
-    const receipt = adapter.compareAndSwapRefs({ expected: [{ ref: record.expectedOldRef, sha: record.baseTargetSha }, { ref: record.candidateRef, sha: null }, { ref: record.archiveRef, sha: null }],
+    const receipt = this.refAdapter.compareAndSwapRefs({ expected: [{ ref: record.expectedOldRef, sha: record.baseTargetSha }, { ref: record.candidateRef, sha: null }, { ref: record.archiveRef, sha: null }],
       writes: [{ ref: record.archiveRef, sha: record.baseTargetSha }, { ref: record.candidateRef, sha: record.candidateSha }] });
     const finalized = { ...record, revision: record.revision + 1, state: 'finalized', finalizeApprovalId: text(input.approvalId, 'approvalId'),
-      finalizeApprovalRevision: input.approvalRevision, finalizedAt: this.clock().toISOString(), fixtureReceiptDigest: adapterReceipt(receipt) };
-    this.#record(record.id, finalized, 'integration.adoption.finalize');
+      finalizeApprovalRevision: input.approvalRevision, finalizedAt: this.clock().toISOString(), refReceiptDigest: digest(receipt) };
+    this.#append(record.id, record.revision, finalized, 'integration.adoption.finalize');
     return { ...finalized, mutationPerformed: true };
   }
 
   reconcile(input = {}) {
     const record = this.getPrepared(text(input.adoptionId, 'adoptionId'));
-    const plan = this.plan({ ...record, ...input, action: 'reconcile' });
+    const plan = this.#fromRecord(record, input, 'reconcile');
     if (!plan.canProceed) return { record, plan, state: 'blocked', mutationPerformed: false };
-    const adapter = this.#fixture(input);
-    const refs = adapter.readRefs([record.expectedOldRef, record.candidateRef, record.archiveRef]);
-    const consistent = refs[record.expectedOldRef] === record.baseTargetSha && refs[record.candidateRef] === record.candidateSha && refs[record.archiveRef] === record.baseTargetSha;
-    return { record, refs, state: consistent ? 'consistent' : 'diverged', mutationPerformed: false };
+    const refs = this.refAdapter.readRefs([record.expectedOldRef, record.candidateRef, record.archiveRef]);
+    const finalizedRefs = refs[record.expectedOldRef] === record.baseTargetSha && refs[record.candidateRef] === record.candidateSha && refs[record.archiveRef] === record.baseTargetSha;
+    if (record.state === 'prepared' && finalizedRefs) {
+      const recovered = { ...record, revision: record.revision + 1, state: 'finalized', finalizedAt: this.clock().toISOString(),
+        recoveredAt: this.clock().toISOString(), recovery: 'private-ref-cas-completed-before-journal' };
+      this.#append(record.id, record.revision, recovered, 'integration.adoption.reconcile-finalized');
+      return { record: recovered, refs, state: 'recovered-finalized', mutationPerformed: true };
+    }
+    if (record.state === 'finalized' && finalizedRefs) return { record, refs, state: 'consistent', mutationPerformed: false };
+    if (record.state === 'prepared' && refs[record.candidateRef] === null && refs[record.archiveRef] === null) return { record, refs, state: 'prepared', mutationPerformed: false };
+    return { record, refs, state: 'diverged', mutationPerformed: false };
   }
 
   rollback(input = {}) {
     const record = this.getPrepared(text(input.adoptionId, 'adoptionId'));
     if (record.state !== 'finalized') throw new TorchError('Only a finalized adoption can be rolled back', { code: 'ADOPTION_ROLLBACK_STATE_INVALID', details: { state: record.state } });
-    const plan = this.plan({ ...record, ...input, action: 'rollback' });
+    const plan = this.#fromRecord(record, input, 'rollback');
     if (!plan.canProceed) throw new TorchError('Adoption rollback is blocked', { code: 'ADOPTION_ROLLBACK_BLOCKED', details: plan.blockers });
-    const receipt = this.#fixture(input).compareAndSwapRefs({ expected: [{ ref: record.candidateRef, sha: record.candidateSha }], writes: [{ ref: record.candidateRef, sha: null }] });
+    const refs = this.refAdapter.readRefs([record.expectedOldRef, record.candidateRef, record.archiveRef]);
+    const recovered = refs[record.expectedOldRef] === record.baseTargetSha
+      && refs[record.candidateRef] === null && refs[record.archiveRef] === record.baseTargetSha;
+    if (!recovered && refs[record.candidateRef] !== record.candidateSha) {
+      throw new TorchError('Candidate ref changed before rollback', { code: 'ADOPTION_ROLLBACK_REF_DIVERGED', details: refs });
+    }
+    const receipt = recovered ? { adapter: { name: this.refAdapter.name, id: this.refAdapter.id }, recovered: true, refs }
+      : this.refAdapter.compareAndSwapRefs({ expected: [{ ref: record.candidateRef, sha: record.candidateSha }], writes: [{ ref: record.candidateRef, sha: null }] });
     const rolledBack = { ...record, revision: record.revision + 1, state: 'rolled-back', rollbackApprovalId: text(input.approvalId, 'approvalId'),
-      rollbackApprovalRevision: input.approvalRevision, rolledBackAt: this.clock().toISOString(), rollbackReceiptDigest: adapterReceipt(receipt) };
-    this.#record(record.id, rolledBack, 'integration.adoption.rollback');
+      rollbackApprovalRevision: input.approvalRevision, rolledBackAt: this.clock().toISOString(), rollbackReceiptDigest: digest(receipt),
+      ...(recovered ? { recoveredAt: this.clock().toISOString(), recovery: 'private-ref-rollback-completed-before-journal' } : {}) };
+    this.#append(record.id, record.revision, rolledBack, 'integration.adoption.rollback');
     return { ...rolledBack, mutationPerformed: true };
   }
 
-  requestAdoptedCandidate(input = {}, { requestIntegration } = {}) {
+  requestAdoptedCandidate(input = {}, { requestIntegration, findIntegrationRequest } = {}) {
     const record = this.getPrepared(text(input.adoptionId, 'adoptionId'));
-    if (record.state !== 'finalized') throw new TorchError('Only a finalized adoption can request native qualification', { code: 'ADOPTION_REQUEST_STATE_INVALID', details: { state: record.state } });
-    const plan = this.plan({ ...record, ...input, action: 'request' });
+    if (!['finalized', 'requesting'].includes(record.state)) throw new TorchError('Only a finalized adoption can request native qualification', { code: 'ADOPTION_REQUEST_STATE_INVALID', details: { state: record.state } });
+    const plan = this.#fromRecord(record, input, 'request');
     if (!plan.canProceed) throw new TorchError('Adopted candidate request is blocked', { code: 'ADOPTION_REQUEST_BLOCKED', details: plan.blockers });
-    this.#fixture(input);
     if (typeof requestIntegration !== 'function') throw new TorchError('Native integration request adapter is unavailable', { code: 'ADOPTION_NATIVE_REQUEST_UNAVAILABLE' });
-    const request = requestIntegration({ areaId: record.contributorArea, commit: record.candidateSha });
-    const requested = { ...record, revision: record.revision + 1, state: 'requested', requestApprovalId: text(input.approvalId, 'approvalId'),
-      requestApprovalRevision: input.approvalRevision, integrationRequestId: request.id, requestedAt: this.clock().toISOString() };
-    this.#record(record.id, requested, 'integration.adoption.request');
+    const requesting = record.state === 'requesting' ? record : { ...record, revision: record.revision + 1, state: 'requesting',
+      requestApprovalId: text(input.approvalId, 'approvalId'), requestApprovalRevision: input.approvalRevision, requestStartedAt: this.clock().toISOString() };
+    if (record.state !== 'requesting') this.#append(record.id, record.revision, requesting, 'integration.adoption.request-started');
+    const request = findIntegrationRequest?.({ candidateRef: requesting.candidateRef, commit: requesting.candidateSha })
+      ?? requestIntegration({ areaId: requesting.contributorArea, commit: requesting.candidateSha, candidateRef: requesting.candidateRef });
+    const requested = { ...requesting, revision: requesting.revision + 1, state: 'requested', integrationRequestId: request.id, requestedAt: this.clock().toISOString() };
+    this.#append(requesting.id, requesting.revision, requested, 'integration.adoption.request');
     return { ...requested, integrationRequest: request, mutationPerformed: true };
   }
 
diff --git a/src/integration/service.mjs b/src/integration/service.mjs
index dcd9eb0..89f65e4 100644
--- a/src/integration/service.mjs
+++ b/src/integration/service.mjs
@@ -16,6 +16,21 @@ function git(root, args, { allowFailure = false } = {}) {
   return { status: result.status, stdout: result.stdout?.trim() ?? '', stderr: result.stderr?.trim() ?? '' };
 }
 
+function text(value, name) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string' || !value.trim()) {
+    throw new TorchError(`${name} is required`, { code: 'INTEGRATION_INPUT_INVALID', details: { name } });
+  }
+  return value.trim();
+}
+
+function sha(value, name) {
+  const normalized = text(value, name);
+  if (!/^[0-9a-f]{40,64}$/.test(normalized)) {
+    throw new TorchError(`${name} must be a full Git object id`, { code: 'INTEGRATION_INPUT_INVALID', details: { name } });
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+
 function integrationRow(row) {
   if (!row) return null;
   return {
@@ -87,12 +102,43 @@ export class IntegrationService {
         code: 'INTEGRATION_SOURCE_MOVED', details: { branchTip, sourceCommit },
       });
     }
+    return this.#registerRequest({ area, sourceBranch: worktree.branch, sourceCommit });
+  }
+
+  requestCandidate({ areaId, commit, candidateRef } = {}) {
+    const area = this.controlPlane.assertIdentity(areaId);
+    if (area === 'session-manager') {
+      throw new TorchError('Session Manager does not own a feature worktree by default', {
+        code: 'INTEGRATION_SOURCE_INVALID',
+      });
+    }
+    const ref = text(candidateRef, 'candidateRef');
+    if (!/^refs\/torch\/integration-candidates\/[A-Za-z0-9._-]+$/.test(ref)) {
+      throw new TorchError('Adopted candidates must use a private integration candidate ref', {
+        code: 'INTEGRATION_ADOPTED_REF_INVALID', details: { candidateRef: ref },
+      });
+    }
+    const sourceCommit = sha(commit, 'commit');
+    const refTip = git(this.repositoryRoot, ['rev-parse', '--verify', ref], { allowFailure: true });
+    if (refTip.status !== 0 || refTip.stdout !== sourceCommit) {
+      throw new TorchError('Adopted candidate ref no longer names the exact requested commit', {
+        code: 'INTEGRATION_ADOPTED_REF_STALE', details: { candidateRef: ref, sourceCommit, actual: refTip.stdout || null },
+      });
+    }
+    const existing = this.controlPlane.database.prepare(`SELECT id FROM integration_requests
+      WHERE project_id = ? AND source_branch = ? AND source_commit = ? ORDER BY rowid LIMIT 1`)
+      .get(this.controlPlane.projectId, ref, sourceCommit);
+    if (existing) return this.get(existing.id);
+    return this.#registerRequest({ area, sourceBranch: ref, sourceCommit });
+  }
+
+  #registerRequest({ area, sourceBranch, sourceCommit }) {
     const targetBranch = this.policy.target;
     const baseTargetCommit = git(this.repositoryRoot, ['rev-parse', targetBranch]).stdout;
     const now = this.clock().toISOString();
     const record = {
       id: this.idFactory(), projectId: this.controlPlane.projectId, sourceArea: area,
-      sourceBranch: worktree.branch, sourceCommit, targetBranch, baseTargetCommit,
+      sourceBranch, sourceCommit, targetBranch, baseTargetCommit,
       state: 'testing', reason: null, requiredChecks: this.policy.required_checks ?? [],
       authorizedBy: null, authorizedAt: null, createdAt: now, updatedAt: now, landedAt: null,
     };
@@ -139,10 +185,18 @@ export class IntegrationService {
 
   requestAdoptedCandidate(input = {}) {
     return this.adoption.requestAdoptedCandidate(input, {
-      requestIntegration: ({ areaId, commit }) => this.request({ areaId, commit }),
+      requestIntegration: ({ areaId, commit, candidateRef }) => this.requestCandidate({ areaId, commit, candidateRef }),
+      findIntegrationRequest: ({ candidateRef, commit }) => this.findCandidateRequest({ candidateRef, commit }),
     });
   }
 
+  findCandidateRequest({ candidateRef, commit } = {}) {
+    const row = this.controlPlane.database.prepare(`SELECT id FROM integration_requests
+      WHERE project_id = ? AND source_branch = ? AND source_commit = ? ORDER BY rowid LIMIT 1`)
+      .get(this.controlPlane.projectId, candidateRef, commit);
+    return row ? this.get(row.id) : null;
+  }
+
   get(requestId) {
     const row = this.controlPlane.database.prepare('SELECT * FROM integration_requests WHERE id = ?').get(requestId);
     if (!row) throw new TorchError(`Unknown integration request: ${requestId}`, { code: 'INTEGRATION_NOT_FOUND' });