diff --git a/js/nostr/adapters/nip07Adapter.js b/js/nostr/adapters/nip07Adapter.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e9dd84c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/nostr/adapters/nip07Adapter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// js/nostr/adapters/nip07Adapter.js
+
+import { normalizeActorKey } from "../watchHistory.js";
+
+function resolveNip44Module(extension) {
+  const nip44 = extension?.nip44 && typeof extension.nip44 === "object" ? extension.nip44 : null;
+  if (!nip44) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const v2 = nip44.v2 && typeof nip44.v2 === "object" ? nip44.v2 : null;
+  if (v2?.encrypt || v2?.decrypt) {
+    return v2;
+  }
+
+  return nip44;
+}
+
+export async function createNip07Adapter(extension) {
+  const resolvedExtension = extension || (typeof window !== "undefined" ? window?.nostr : null);
+  if (!resolvedExtension) {
+    return {
+      type: "nip07",
+      pubkey: "",
+      metadata: async () => null,
+      relays: async () => null,
+      signEvent: async () => {
+        throw new Error("NIP-07 extension unavailable.");
+      },
+      requestPermissions: async () => ({ ok: false, error: new Error("extension-unavailable") }),
+      destroy: async () => {},
+      canSign: () => false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const getPublicKey =
+    typeof resolvedExtension.getPublicKey === "function"
+      ? resolvedExtension.getPublicKey.bind(resolvedExtension)
+      : null;
+  const pubkey = getPublicKey ? normalizeActorKey(await getPublicKey()) : "";
+
+  const nip04 =
+    resolvedExtension.nip04 && typeof resolvedExtension.nip04 === "object"
+      ? resolvedExtension.nip04
+      : null;
+  const nip44 = resolveNip44Module(resolvedExtension);
+
+  const nip04Encrypt =
+    nip04 && typeof nip04.encrypt === "function" ? nip04.encrypt.bind(nip04) : null;
+  const nip04Decrypt =
+    nip04 && typeof nip04.decrypt === "function" ? nip04.decrypt.bind(nip04) : null;
+
+  const nip44Encrypt =
+    nip44 && typeof nip44.encrypt === "function" ? nip44.encrypt.bind(nip44) : null;
+  const nip44Decrypt =
+    nip44 && typeof nip44.decrypt === "function" ? nip44.decrypt.bind(nip44) : null;
+
+  const requestPermissions = async (methods = []) => {
+    if (typeof resolvedExtension.requestPermissions === "function") {
+      return resolvedExtension.requestPermissions({
+        permissions: Array.isArray(methods) ? methods : [],
+      });
+    }
+
+    if (typeof resolvedExtension.enable === "function") {
+      if (Array.isArray(methods) && methods.length) {
+        return resolvedExtension.enable({ permissions: methods.map((method) => ({ method })) });
+      }
+      return resolvedExtension.enable();
+    }
+
+    return { ok: false, error: new Error("permission-request-unavailable") };
+  };
+
+  const signer = {
+    type: "nip07",
+    pubkey,
+    metadata: async () =>
+      typeof resolvedExtension.getMetadata === "function"
+        ? resolvedExtension.getMetadata()
+        : null,
+    relays: async () =>
+      typeof resolvedExtension.getRelays === "function"
+        ? resolvedExtension.getRelays()
+        : null,
+    signEvent: async (event) => {
+      if (typeof resolvedExtension.signEvent !== "function") {
+        throw new Error("NIP-07 extension missing signEvent.");
+      }
+      return resolvedExtension.signEvent(event);
+    },
+    requestPermissions,
+    destroy: async () => {},
+    canSign: () => typeof resolvedExtension.signEvent === "function",
+  };
+
+  if (nip04Encrypt) {
+    signer.nip04Encrypt = nip04Encrypt;
+  }
+  if (nip04Decrypt) {
+    signer.nip04Decrypt = nip04Decrypt;
+  }
+  if (nip44Encrypt) {
+    signer.nip44Encrypt = nip44Encrypt;
+  }
+  if (nip44Decrypt) {
+    signer.nip44Decrypt = nip44Decrypt;
+  }
+
+  return signer;
+}
diff --git a/js/nostr/adapters/nip46Adapter.js b/js/nostr/adapters/nip46Adapter.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0541ab6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/nostr/adapters/nip46Adapter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// js/nostr/adapters/nip46Adapter.js
+
+import { Nip46RpcClient } from "../nip46Client.js";
+import { normalizeActorKey } from "../watchHistory.js";
+
+function resolveClient(client) {
+  if (client instanceof Nip46RpcClient) {
+    return client;
+  }
+  return client?.nip46Client instanceof Nip46RpcClient ? client.nip46Client : null;
+}
+
+export async function createNip46Adapter(client) {
+  const resolvedClient = resolveClient(client);
+  if (!resolvedClient) {
+    return {
+      type: "nip46",
+      pubkey: "",
+      metadata: async () => null,
+      relays: async () => null,
+      signEvent: async () => {
+        throw new Error("NIP-46 client unavailable.");
+      },
+      requestPermissions: async () => ({ ok: false, error: new Error("client-unavailable") }),
+      destroy: async () => {},
+      canSign: () => false,
+    };
+  }
+
+  let pubkey = normalizeActorKey(resolvedClient.userPubkey);
+  if (!pubkey) {
+    pubkey = normalizeActorKey(await resolvedClient.getUserPubkey());
+  }
+
+  const signer = {
+    type: "nip46",
+    pubkey,
+    metadata: async () =>
+      resolvedClient.metadata && typeof resolvedClient.metadata === "object"
+        ? { ...resolvedClient.metadata }
+        : null,
+    relays: async () => (Array.isArray(resolvedClient.relays) ? [...resolvedClient.relays] : null),
+    signEvent: async (event) => resolvedClient.signEvent(event),
+    requestPermissions: async () => ({ ok: true }),
+    destroy: async () => {
+      resolvedClient.destroy();
+    },
+    canSign: () =>
+      !resolvedClient.destroyed && typeof resolvedClient.signEvent === "function",
+  };
+
+  if (typeof resolvedClient.nip04Encrypt === "function") {
+    signer.nip04Encrypt = resolvedClient.nip04Encrypt.bind(resolvedClient);
+  }
+  if (typeof resolvedClient.nip04Decrypt === "function") {
+    signer.nip04Decrypt = resolvedClient.nip04Decrypt.bind(resolvedClient);
+  }
+  if (typeof resolvedClient.nip44Encrypt === "function") {
+    signer.nip44Encrypt = resolvedClient.nip44Encrypt.bind(resolvedClient);
+  }
+  if (typeof resolvedClient.nip44Decrypt === "function") {
+    signer.nip44Decrypt = resolvedClient.nip44Decrypt.bind(resolvedClient);
+  }
+
+  return signer;
+}
diff --git a/js/nostr/adapters/nsecAdapter.js b/js/nostr/adapters/nsecAdapter.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8f5f6e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/nostr/adapters/nsecAdapter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// js/nostr/adapters/nsecAdapter.js
+
+import { signEventWithPrivateKey } from "../publishHelpers.js";
+import { ensureNostrTools, getCachedNostrTools } from "../toolkit.js";
+import { normalizeActorKey } from "../watchHistory.js";
+
+const HEX64_REGEX = /^[0-9a-f]{64}$/i;
+
+function normalizePrivateKey(privateKey) {
+  if (typeof privateKey !== "string") {
+    return "";
+  }
+  const trimmed = privateKey.trim();
+  if (!trimmed || !HEX64_REGEX.test(trimmed)) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  return trimmed.toLowerCase();
+}
+
+async function resolvePublicKey(privateKey, pubkey) {
+  const normalizedPubkey = normalizeActorKey(pubkey);
+  if (normalizedPubkey && HEX64_REGEX.test(normalizedPubkey)) {
+    return normalizedPubkey;
+  }
+
+  if (!privateKey) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  const tools = (await ensureNostrTools()) || getCachedNostrTools();
+  if (tools?.getPublicKey && typeof tools.getPublicKey === "function") {
+    const derived = tools.getPublicKey(privateKey);
+    const normalized = normalizeActorKey(derived);
+    if (normalized && HEX64_REGEX.test(normalized)) {
+      return normalized;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return "";
+}
+
+async function createPrivateKeyCipherClosures(privateKey) {
+  const normalizedPrivateKey = normalizePrivateKey(privateKey);
+  if (!normalizedPrivateKey) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  const tools = (await ensureNostrTools()) || getCachedNostrTools();
+  if (!tools) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  const closures = {};
+
+  const normalizeTargetPubkey = (candidate) => {
+    const normalized = normalizeActorKey(candidate);
+    if (!normalized || !HEX64_REGEX.test(normalized)) {
+      throw new Error("A hex-encoded pubkey is required for encryption.");
+    }
+    return normalized;
+  };
+
+  const resolveHexToBytes = () => {
+    if (typeof tools?.utils?.hexToBytes === "function") {
+      return (value) => tools.utils.hexToBytes(value);
+    }
+
+    return (value) => {
+      if (typeof value !== "string") {
+        throw new Error("Invalid hex input.");
+      }
+      const trimmed = value.trim();
+      if (!trimmed || trimmed.length % 2 !== 0) {
+        throw new Error("Invalid hex input.");
+      }
+
+      const bytes = new Uint8Array(trimmed.length / 2);
+      for (let index = 0; index < trimmed.length; index += 2) {
+        const byte = Number.parseInt(trimmed.slice(index, index + 2), 16);
+        if (Number.isNaN(byte)) {
+          throw new Error("Invalid hex input.");
+        }
+        bytes[index / 2] = byte;
+      }
+      return bytes;
+    };
+  };
+
+  if (
+    tools?.nip04?.encrypt &&
+    typeof tools.nip04.encrypt === "function" &&
+    tools?.nip04?.decrypt &&
+    typeof tools.nip04.decrypt === "function"
+  ) {
+    closures.nip04Encrypt = async (targetPubkey, plaintext) =>
+      tools.nip04.encrypt(
+        normalizedPrivateKey,
+        normalizeTargetPubkey(targetPubkey),
+        plaintext,
+      );
+
+    closures.nip04Decrypt = async (targetPubkey, ciphertext) =>
+      tools.nip04.decrypt(
+        normalizedPrivateKey,
+        normalizeTargetPubkey(targetPubkey),
+        ciphertext,
+      );
+  }
+
+  const nip44 = tools?.nip44 || null;
+  let nip44Encrypt = null;
+  let nip44Decrypt = null;
+  let nip44GetConversationKey = null;
+
+  if (nip44?.v2 && typeof nip44.v2 === "object") {
+    if (typeof nip44.v2.encrypt === "function") {
+      nip44Encrypt = nip44.v2.encrypt;
+    }
+    if (typeof nip44.v2.decrypt === "function") {
+      nip44Decrypt = nip44.v2.decrypt;
+    }
+    if (typeof nip44.v2?.utils?.getConversationKey === "function") {
+      nip44GetConversationKey = nip44.v2.utils.getConversationKey;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ((!nip44Encrypt || !nip44Decrypt) && nip44 && typeof nip44 === "object") {
+    if (typeof nip44.encrypt === "function") {
+      nip44Encrypt = nip44.encrypt;
+    }
+    if (typeof nip44.decrypt === "function") {
+      nip44Decrypt = nip44.decrypt;
+    }
+    if (!nip44GetConversationKey) {
+      if (typeof nip44.getConversationKey === "function") {
+        nip44GetConversationKey = nip44.getConversationKey;
+      } else if (typeof nip44.utils?.getConversationKey === "function") {
+        nip44GetConversationKey = nip44.utils.getConversationKey;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (nip44Encrypt && nip44Decrypt && nip44GetConversationKey) {
+    const hexToBytes = resolveHexToBytes();
+    let cachedPrivateKeyBytes = null;
+    const getPrivateKeyBytes = () => {
+      if (!cachedPrivateKeyBytes) {
+        cachedPrivateKeyBytes = hexToBytes(normalizedPrivateKey);
+      }
+      return cachedPrivateKeyBytes;
+    };
+
+    const conversationKeyCache = new Map();
+    const ensureConversationKey = (targetPubkey) => {
+      const normalizedTarget = normalizeTargetPubkey(targetPubkey);
+      const cached = conversationKeyCache.get(normalizedTarget);
+      if (cached) {
+        return cached;
+      }
+
+      const privateKeyBytes = getPrivateKeyBytes();
+      const derived = nip44GetConversationKey(privateKeyBytes, normalizedTarget);
+      conversationKeyCache.set(normalizedTarget, derived);
+      return derived;
+    };
+
+    closures.nip44Encrypt = async (targetPubkey, plaintext) =>
+      nip44Encrypt(plaintext, ensureConversationKey(targetPubkey));
+
+    closures.nip44Decrypt = async (targetPubkey, ciphertext) =>
+      nip44Decrypt(ciphertext, ensureConversationKey(targetPubkey));
+  }
+
+  return closures;
+}
+
+export async function createNsecAdapter({ privateKey, pubkey } = {}) {
+  const normalizedPrivateKey = normalizePrivateKey(privateKey);
+  const resolvedPubkey = await resolvePublicKey(normalizedPrivateKey, pubkey);
+  const cipherClosures = await createPrivateKeyCipherClosures(normalizedPrivateKey);
+
+  const signer = {
+    type: "nsec",
+    pubkey: resolvedPubkey,
+    metadata: async () => null,
+    relays: async () => null,
+    signEvent: async (event) => {
+      if (!normalizedPrivateKey) {
+        throw new Error("Missing private key for signing.");
+      }
+      return signEventWithPrivateKey(event, normalizedPrivateKey);
+    },
+    requestPermissions: async () => ({ ok: true }),
+    destroy: async () => {},
+    canSign: () => Boolean(normalizedPrivateKey),
+  };
+
+  if (typeof cipherClosures.nip04Encrypt === "function") {
+    signer.nip04Encrypt = cipherClosures.nip04Encrypt;
+  }
+  if (typeof cipherClosures.nip04Decrypt === "function") {
+    signer.nip04Decrypt = cipherClosures.nip04Decrypt;
+  }
+  if (typeof cipherClosures.nip44Encrypt === "function") {
+    signer.nip44Encrypt = cipherClosures.nip44Encrypt;
+  }
+  if (typeof cipherClosures.nip44Decrypt === "function") {
+    signer.nip44Decrypt = cipherClosures.nip44Decrypt;
+  }
+
+  return signer;
+}
diff --git a/js/nostr/signer-interface.js b/js/nostr/signer-interface.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57093cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/nostr/signer-interface.js
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// js/nostr/signer-interface.js
+
+/**
+ * Canonical async signer interface used by bitvid.
+ *
+ * @typedef {Object} NostrSignerInterface
+ * @property {string} type
+ *   Identifier for the signer implementation ("nsec", "nip07", "nip46", etc.).
+ * @property {string} pubkey
+ *   Hex-encoded public key for the signer (lowercase).
+ * @property {() => Promise<object|null>} metadata
+ *   Returns signer metadata (name, url, image, etc.) when available.
+ * @property {() => Promise<object|null>} relays
+ *   Returns relay hints or preferences when available.
+ * @property {(event: object) => Promise<object>} signEvent
+ *   Signs a Nostr event payload and returns the signed event.
+ * @property {(targetPubkey: string, plaintext: string) => Promise<string>} [nip04Encrypt]
+ *   Optional NIP-04 encryption helper.
+ * @property {(targetPubkey: string, ciphertext: string) => Promise<string>} [nip04Decrypt]
+ *   Optional NIP-04 decryption helper.
+ * @property {(targetPubkey: string, plaintext: string) => Promise<string>} [nip44Encrypt]
+ *   Optional NIP-44 encryption helper.
+ * @property {(targetPubkey: string, ciphertext: string) => Promise<string>} [nip44Decrypt]
+ *   Optional NIP-44 decryption helper.
+ * @property {(methods?: string[]) => Promise<unknown>} requestPermissions
+ *   Requests signer permissions for the provided methods, when supported.
+ * @property {() => Promise<void>} destroy
+ *   Cleans up any resources associated with the signer.
+ * @property {() => boolean} canSign
+ *   Returns true when signEvent is available and ready.
+ */
+
+export const SIGNER_INTERFACE_FIELDS = Object.freeze({
+  required: Object.freeze([
+    "type",
+    "pubkey",
+    "metadata",
+    "relays",
+    "signEvent",
+    "requestPermissions",
+    "destroy",
+    "canSign",
+  ]),
+  optional: Object.freeze([
+    "nip04Encrypt",
+    "nip04Decrypt",
+    "nip44Encrypt",
+    "nip44Decrypt",
+  ]),
+});