diff --git a/js/nostr.js b/js/nostr.js
index 1aa43fd5..f8750e1d 100644
--- a/js/nostr.js
+++ b/js/nostr.js
@@ -1139,23 +1139,46 @@ function publishEventToRelay(pool, url, event) {
       const pub = pool.publish([url], event);
 
       if (pub && typeof pub.on === "function") {
-        pub.on("ok", () => {
+        const registerHandler = (eventName, handler) => {
+          try {
+            pub.on(eventName, handler);
+            return true;
+          } catch (error) {
+            if (isDevMode) {
+              console.warn(
+                `[nostr] Relay publish handle rejected ${eventName} listener:`,
+                error
+              );
+            }
+            return false;
+          }
+        };
+
+        const handleSuccess = () => {
           clearTimeout(timeoutId);
           finalize(true);
-        });
-        pub.on("seen", () => {
-          clearTimeout(timeoutId);
-          finalize(true);
-        });
-        pub.on("failed", (reason) => {
+        };
+
+        const handleFailure = (reason) => {
           clearTimeout(timeoutId);
           const err =
             reason instanceof Error
               ? reason
               : new Error(String(reason || "publish failed"));
           finalize(false, err);
-        });
-        return;
+        };
+
+        let handlerRegistered = false;
+        handlerRegistered =
+          registerHandler("ok", handleSuccess) || handlerRegistered;
+        handlerRegistered =
+          registerHandler("seen", handleSuccess) || handlerRegistered;
+        handlerRegistered =
+          registerHandler("failed", handleFailure) || handlerRegistered;
+
+        if (handlerRegistered) {
+          return;
+        }
       }
 
       if (pub && typeof pub.then === "function") {
diff --git a/tests/watch-history.test.mjs b/tests/watch-history.test.mjs
index fb365ee3..7198d55f 100644
--- a/tests/watch-history.test.mjs
+++ b/tests/watch-history.test.mjs
@@ -507,6 +507,43 @@ assert.deepEqual(
   "republish scheduler should receive the remaining items"
 );
 
+const NO_SEEN_ACTOR = `${ACTOR}-no-seen`;
+const {
+  client: noSeenClient,
+  publishedEvents: noSeenPublishedEvents,
+} = createPublishingClient(NO_SEEN_ACTOR);
+
+noSeenClient.pool.publish = (_urls, event) => {
+  noSeenPublishedEvents.push(event);
+  return {
+    on(eventName, handler) {
+      if (eventName === "seen") {
+        throw new TypeError("seen unsupported");
+      }
+      if (eventName === "ok") {
+        setTimeout(handler, 0);
+      } else if (eventName === "failed") {
+        // Never invoke failed handlers in this mock; they should remain idle.
+      }
+    },
+  };
+};
+
+const noSeenResult = await noSeenClient.publishWatchHistorySnapshot(
+  NO_SEEN_ACTOR,
+  [{ type: "e", value: "no-seen-pointer", relay: null }]
+);
+
+assert.equal(
+  noSeenResult.ok,
+  true,
+  "publish should succeed when relay handle rejects seen handlers"
+);
+assert(
+  noSeenResult.events.length > 0,
+  "publish should still return the emitted events when seen is unsupported"
+);
+
 delete globalThis.window.nostr;
 
 if (!globalThis.window.NostrTools.nip04) {