diff --git a/tests/e2e/coverage-ui-runtime.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/coverage-ui-runtime.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b274cc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/coverage-ui-runtime.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+import { expect, test } from "./helpers/instrumentedTest";
+
+test.describe("runtime UI utility coverage", () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto("/docs/kitchen-sink.html?__test__=1", {
+      waitUntil: "networkidle",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("exercises dynamic style scope registration and lifecycle", async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+      const {
+        registerScope,
+        setVariables,
+        releaseScope,
+        getScopeAttributeName,
+      } = await import("/js/designSystem/dynamicStyles.js");
+
+      const firstScope = registerScope("coverage-scope", [":scope", "& .title", "> .child"]);
+      const secondScope = registerScope("coverage-scope", [":scope"]);
+
+      const firstUpdate = setVariables(firstScope, {
+        "--card-gap": "12px",
+        "--muted": "",
+        invalid: "skip",
+      });
+      const secondUpdate = setVariables(firstScope, {
+        "--card-gap": 8,
+      });
+
+      const missingScopeUpdate = setVariables("missing-scope", { "--x": "1" });
+      const releaseMissing = releaseScope("missing-scope");
+      const releaseFirst = releaseScope(firstScope);
+      const releaseSecond = releaseScope(secondScope);
+
+      return {
+        firstScope,
+        secondScope,
+        firstUpdate,
+        secondUpdate,
+        missingScopeUpdate,
+        releaseMissing,
+        releaseFirst,
+        releaseSecond,
+        scopeAttr: getScopeAttributeName(),
+        styleTagCount: document.querySelectorAll("style[data-ds-dynamic='true']").length,
+        adoptedSheetCount: Array.isArray((document as any).adoptedStyleSheets)
+          ? (document as any).adoptedStyleSheets.length
+          : 0,
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(result.firstScope).toBe("coverage-scope");
+    expect(result.secondScope).toBe("coverage-scope-1");
+    expect(result.firstUpdate).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.secondUpdate).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.missingScopeUpdate).toBe(false);
+    expect(result.releaseMissing).toBe(false);
+    expect(result.releaseFirst).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.releaseSecond).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.scopeAttr).toBe("data-ds-style-id");
+    expect(result.styleTagCount + result.adoptedSheetCount).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  });
+
+  test("exercises tag preference menu rendering, actions, and state transitions", async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+      const {
+        createTagPreferenceMenu,
+        applyTagPreferenceMenuState,
+        TAG_PREFERENCE_ACTIONS,
+      } = await import("/js/ui/components/tagPreferenceMenu.js");
+
+      const actionEvents: Array<{ action: string; tag: string }> = [];
+
+      const loggedOut = createTagPreferenceMenu({
+        tag: "#BitVid",
+        isLoggedIn: false,
+      });
+      document.body.appendChild(loggedOut!.panel);
+
+      const loggedIn = createTagPreferenceMenu({
+        tag: " nostr ",
+        isLoggedIn: true,
+        membership: { state: "interest" },
+        onAction: (action: string, detail: any) => {
+          actionEvents.push({ action, tag: detail.normalizedTag });
+        },
+      });
+      document.body.appendChild(loggedIn!.panel);
+
+      loggedIn!.buttons.removeInterest.click();
+      loggedIn!.buttons.addDisinterest.click();
+
+      applyTagPreferenceMenuState({
+        buttons: loggedIn!.buttons,
+        membership: { state: "disinterest", interest: true, disinterest: true },
+        isLoggedIn: true,
+      });
+
+      return {
+        actions: TAG_PREFERENCE_ACTIONS,
+        loggedOutTag: loggedOut!.panel.dataset.tag,
+        loggedOutMessage: loggedOut!.panel.textContent,
+        loggedOutDisabled: {
+          addInterest: loggedOut!.buttons.addInterest.disabled,
+          removeInterest: loggedOut!.buttons.removeInterest.disabled,
+          addDisinterest: loggedOut!.buttons.addDisinterest.disabled,
+          removeDisinterest: loggedOut!.buttons.removeDisinterest.disabled,
+        },
+        loggedInTag: loggedIn!.panel.dataset.tag,
+        loggedInDisabledAfterTransition: {
+          addInterest: loggedIn!.buttons.addInterest.disabled,
+          removeInterest: loggedIn!.buttons.removeInterest.disabled,
+          addDisinterest: loggedIn!.buttons.addDisinterest.disabled,
+          removeDisinterest: loggedIn!.buttons.removeDisinterest.disabled,
+        },
+        actionEvents,
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(result.actions.ADD_INTEREST).toBe("add-interest");
+    expect(result.loggedOutTag).toBe("bitvid");
+    expect(result.loggedInTag).toBe("nostr");
+    expect(result.loggedOutMessage).toContain("Sign in to personalize");
+    expect(result.loggedOutDisabled).toEqual({
+      addInterest: true,
+      removeInterest: true,
+      addDisinterest: true,
+      removeDisinterest: true,
+    });
+
+    expect(result.actionEvents.map((entry: any) => entry.action)).toEqual([
+      "remove-interest",
+      "add-disinterest",
+    ]);
+    expect(result.actionEvents.every((entry: any) => entry.tag === "nostr")).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.loggedInDisabledAfterTransition).toEqual({
+      addInterest: false,
+      removeInterest: true,
+      addDisinterest: true,
+      removeDisinterest: false,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("exercises docs view initialization, hash routing, drawer toggle, and error handling", async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+      document.body.innerHTML = `
+        <button data-docs-toc-toggle type="button" aria-expanded="false">Menu</button>
+        <nav id="docsTocList"></nav>
+        <div id="docsTocDrawer" class="hidden" data-open="false">
+          <div class="bv-modal-backdrop"></div>
+          <div data-docs-toc-panel tabindex="-1">
+            <nav id="docsTocDrawerNav"></nav>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+        <article id="markdown-container"></article>
+      `;
+
+      (window as any).marked = {
+        parse(markdown: string) {
+          if (markdown.includes("SECOND_DOC")) {
+            return '<h2 id="advanced">Advanced</h2><p>Second doc</p><a data-docs-toc-item href="#advanced">Advanced</a>';
+          }
+          return '<h2 id="intro">Intro</h2><pre><code>const x = 1;</code></pre><a data-docs-toc-item href="#intro">Intro</a>';
+        },
+      };
+
+      const highlighted: string[] = [];
+      (window as any).hljs = {
+        highlightElement(el: Element) {
+          highlighted.push(el.textContent || "");
+        },
+      };
+
+      const realFetch = window.fetch.bind(window);
+      const fetchLog: string[] = [];
+      window.fetch = (async (input: RequestInfo | URL) => {
+        const url = String(input);
+        fetchLog.push(url);
+        if (url.endsWith("content/docs/toc.json")) {
+          return new Response(
+            JSON.stringify({
+              items: [
+                {
+                  slug: "intro",
+                  title: "Intro",
+                  path: "/content/docs/intro.md",
+                  children: [
+                    {
+                      slug: "intro-nested",
+                      title: "Nested",
+                      path: "/content/docs/nested.md",
+                    },
+                  ],
+                },
+                {
+                  slug: "advanced",
+                  title: "Advanced",
+                  path: "/content/docs/advanced.md",
+                },
+              ],
+            }),
+            { status: 200, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } },
+          );
+        }
+        if (url.endsWith("/content/docs/intro.md")) {
+          return new Response("INTRO_DOC", { status: 200 });
+        }
+        if (url.endsWith("/content/docs/advanced.md")) {
+          return new Response("SECOND_DOC", { status: 200 });
+        }
+        return realFetch(input);
+      }) as typeof fetch;
+
+      const { initDocsView } = await import("/js/docsView.js");
+      await initDocsView();
+
+      const initialTitle = document.title;
+      const initialHash = window.location.hash;
+      const topLevelLinks = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("#docsTocList [data-docs-toc-item]")).map(
+        (el) => (el as HTMLElement).dataset.slug,
+      );
+      const drawerLinks = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("#docsTocDrawerNav [data-docs-toc-item]")).map(
+        (el) => (el as HTMLElement).dataset.slug,
+      );
+
+      const toggle = document.querySelector("[data-docs-toc-toggle]") as HTMLButtonElement;
+      const drawer = document.getElementById("docsTocDrawer") as HTMLElement;
+      const backdrop = drawer.querySelector(".bv-modal-backdrop") as HTMLElement;
+
+      toggle.click();
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+      const drawerOpen = drawer.getAttribute("data-open");
+      const toggleExpandedOpen = toggle.getAttribute("aria-expanded");
+
+      backdrop.click();
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+      const drawerClosed = drawer.getAttribute("data-open");
+
+      window.location.hash = "#view=docs&doc=advanced";
+      window.dispatchEvent(new HashChangeEvent("hashchange"));
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+
+      const advancedTitle = document.title;
+      const markdownHtml =
+        document.getElementById("markdown-container")?.innerHTML || "";
+
+      window.fetch = (async (input: RequestInfo | URL) => {
+        const url = String(input);
+        if (url.endsWith("content/docs/toc.json")) {
+          return new Response("broken", { status: 500 });
+        }
+        return realFetch(input);
+      }) as typeof fetch;
+
+      document.getElementById("docsTocList")!.innerHTML = "";
+      document.getElementById("markdown-container")!.innerHTML = "";
+
+      await initDocsView();
+      const tocErrorText = document.getElementById("docsTocList")?.textContent || "";
+      const markdownErrorText =
+        document.getElementById("markdown-container")?.textContent || "";
+
+      window.fetch = realFetch;
+
+      return {
+        initialTitle,
+        initialHash,
+        advancedTitle,
+        markdownHtml,
+        topLevelLinks,
+        drawerLinks,
+        drawerOpen,
+        drawerClosed,
+        toggleExpandedOpen,
+        fetchLog,
+        highlighted,
+        tocErrorText,
+        markdownErrorText,
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(result.initialTitle).toBe("Intro | bitvid docs");
+    expect(result.initialHash).toContain("view=docs&doc=intro");
+    expect(result.advancedTitle).toBe("Advanced | bitvid docs");
+    expect(result.markdownHtml).toContain("Second doc");
+    expect(result.topLevelLinks).toContain("intro");
+    expect(result.topLevelLinks).toContain("advanced");
+    expect(result.drawerLinks).toContain("intro");
+    expect(result.drawerOpen).toBe("true");
+    expect(result.drawerClosed).toBe("false");
+    expect(result.toggleExpandedOpen).toBe("true");
+    expect(result.fetchLog.some((url: string) => url.endsWith("content/docs/toc.json"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.fetchLog.some((url: string) => url.endsWith("/content/docs/intro.md"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.fetchLog.some((url: string) => url.endsWith("/content/docs/advanced.md"))).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.highlighted.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(result.tocErrorText).toContain("Unable to load docs table of contents");
+    expect(result.markdownErrorText).toContain("Error loading content");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/e2e/coverage-utility-modules.spec.ts b/tests/e2e/coverage-utility-modules.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9ca3081f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/e2e/coverage-utility-modules.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+import { expect, test } from "./helpers/instrumentedTest";
+
+test.describe("runtime utility module coverage", () => {
+  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto("/docs/kitchen-sink.html?__test__=1", {
+      waitUntil: "networkidle",
+    });
+  });
+
+  test("exercises search filter parsing and serialization", async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+      const { parseFilterQuery, serializeFiltersToQuery } = await import(
+        "/js/search/searchFilters.js"
+      );
+
+      const parsed = parseFilterQuery(
+        'author:abc123 tag:#music,nostr kind:30078 relay:wss://relay.example after:2024-01-02 before:1707000000 duration:>=1.5m has:magnet nsfw:safe "exact phrase" looseTerm',
+      );
+
+      const withErrors = parseFilterQuery(
+        "duration:oops has:bad unknown:value before:not-a-date",
+      );
+
+      const serialized = serializeFiltersToQuery(parsed.filters);
+
+      return {
+        parsed,
+        withErrors,
+        serialized,
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(result.parsed.filters.authorPubkeys).toEqual(["abc123"]);
+    expect(result.parsed.filters.tags).toEqual(["music", "nostr"]);
+    expect(result.parsed.filters.kind).toBe(30078);
+    expect(result.parsed.filters.relay).toBe("wss://relay.example");
+    expect(result.parsed.filters.duration.minSeconds).toBe(90);
+    expect(result.parsed.filters.hasMagnet).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.parsed.filters.nsfw).toBe("false");
+    expect(result.parsed.text).toContain("exact phrase");
+    expect(result.parsed.text).toContain("looseTerm");
+
+    expect(result.withErrors.errors.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(3);
+    expect(result.withErrors.errors.some((e: any) => /Duration/.test(e.message))).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.withErrors.errors.some((e: any) => /Has filter/.test(e.message))).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.withErrors.errors.some((e: any) => /Date value/.test(e.message))).toBe(true);
+
+    expect(result.serialized).toContain("author:abc123");
+    expect(result.serialized).toContain("tag:music");
+    expect(result.serialized).toContain("kind:30078");
+    expect(result.serialized).toContain("has:magnet");
+  });
+
+  test("exercises video note payload normalization and error mapping", async ({ page }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+      const {
+        normalizeVideoNotePayload,
+        VIDEO_NOTE_ERROR_CODES,
+        getVideoNoteErrorMessage,
+      } = await import("/js/services/videoNotePayload.js");
+
+      const invalid = normalizeVideoNotePayload({
+        title: "",
+        url: "http://insecure.example/video.mp4",
+      });
+
+      const normalized = normalizeVideoNotePayload({
+        legacyFormData: {
+          title: "  Coverage Video  ",
+          url: "https://cdn.example/video.mp4  ",
+          magnet:
+            "magnet:?xt=urn:btih:0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef01234567",
+          ws: "https://webseed.example/video.mp4",
+          xs: "https://cdn.example/video.torrent",
+          mode: "DEV",
+          isPrivate: true,
+          isNsfw: true,
+          isForKids: true,
+          storageProvider: "r2",
+          fileSha256:
+            "ABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCDEFABCD",
+          originalFileSha256:
+            "00112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF00112233445566778899AABBCCDDEEFF",
+        },
+        nip71: {
+          summary: "  summary text ",
+          publishedAt: "2024-05-01T12:00:00Z",
+          duration: "120",
+          hashtags: ["nostr", " video "],
+          references: [" https://example.com/ref "],
+          textTracks: [
+            {
+              url: " https://example.com/captions.vtt ",
+              type: " subtitles ",
+              language: " en ",
+            },
+          ],
+          segments: [{ start: "0", end: "30", title: " Intro " }],
+          participants: [
+            {
+              pubkey:
+                "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa",
+              relay: " wss://relay.example ",
+            },
+          ],
+          imeta: [
+            {
+              m: " VIDEO/MP4 ",
+              url: "https://cdn.example/video.mp4",
+              image: [" https://cdn.example/thumb.jpg "],
+              duration: "98",
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      });
+
+      return {
+        invalid,
+        normalized,
+        invalidUrlCode: VIDEO_NOTE_ERROR_CODES.INVALID_URL_PROTOCOL,
+        invalidUrlMessage: getVideoNoteErrorMessage(
+          VIDEO_NOTE_ERROR_CODES.INVALID_URL_PROTOCOL,
+        ),
+        fallbackMessage: getVideoNoteErrorMessage("unknown"),
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(result.invalid.errors).toContain(result.invalidUrlCode);
+    expect(result.invalid.errors).toContain("missing_title");
+    expect(result.invalidUrlMessage).toMatch(/HTTPS/i);
+    expect(result.fallbackMessage).toMatch(/Unable to submit video/i);
+
+    const legacy = result.normalized.payload.legacyFormData;
+    expect(legacy.title).toBe("Coverage Video");
+    expect(legacy.mode).toBe("dev");
+    expect(legacy.isPrivate).toBe(true);
+    expect(legacy.isNsfw).toBe(true);
+    expect(legacy.isForKids).toBe(false);
+    expect(legacy.storagePointer).toContain("r2:");
+    expect(legacy.fileSha256).toHaveLength(64);
+    expect(legacy.originalFileSha256).toHaveLength(64);
+    expect(legacy.magnet).toContain("magnet:?xt=urn:btih:");
+    expect(legacy.ws).toContain("https://webseed.example/video.mp4");
+    expect(legacy.xs).toContain("https://cdn.example/video.torrent");
+
+    const nip71 = result.normalized.payload.nip71;
+    expect(nip71.summary).toBe("summary text");
+    expect(nip71.duration).toBe(120);
+    expect(nip71.imeta[0].m).toBe("video/mp4");
+    expect(nip71.hashtags).toEqual(["nostr", "video"]);
+    expect(nip71.segments[0].start).toBe(0);
+    expect(nip71.participants[0].relay).toBe("wss://relay.example");
+  });
+
+  test("exercises attachment tag parsing and attachment descriptions", async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    const result = await page.evaluate(async () => {
+      const {
+        ATTACHMENT_KIND,
+        parseAttachmentTags,
+        extractAttachmentsFromMessage,
+        formatAttachmentSize,
+        describeAttachment,
+      } = await import("/js/attachments/attachmentUtils.js");
+
+      const parsed = parseAttachmentTags([
+        ["x", "A".repeat(64)],
+        ["url", "https://cdn.example/file.bin"],
+        ["name", "manual.pdf"],
+        ["type", "application/pdf"],
+        ["size", "2048"],
+        ["k", "secret"],
+      ]);
+
+      const noSource = parseAttachmentTags([["name", "nameless"]]);
+      const extracted = extractAttachmentsFromMessage({
+        message: {
+          kind: ATTACHMENT_KIND,
+          tags: [["x", "b".repeat(64)], ["url", "https://cdn.example/second.bin"]],
+        },
+      });
+      const skipped = extractAttachmentsFromMessage({
+        event: { kind: 1, tags: [["x", "c".repeat(64)]] },
+      });
+
+      return {
+        parsed,
+        noSource,
+        extractedLength: extracted.length,
+        extractedHash: extracted[0]?.x,
+        skippedLength: skipped.length,
+        sizeBytes: formatAttachmentSize(999),
+        sizeKilobytes: formatAttachmentSize(2048),
+        sizeMegabytes: formatAttachmentSize(1048576),
+        describedName: describeAttachment(parsed),
+        describedType: describeAttachment({ type: "image/png" }),
+        describedFallback: describeAttachment(null),
+      };
+    });
+
+    expect(result.parsed.x).toBe("a".repeat(64));
+    expect(result.parsed.url).toBe("https://cdn.example/file.bin");
+    expect(result.parsed.size).toBe(2048);
+    expect(result.parsed.encrypted).toBe(true);
+    expect(result.noSource).toBeNull();
+
+    expect(result.extractedLength).toBe(1);
+    expect(result.extractedHash).toBe("b".repeat(64));
+    expect(result.skippedLength).toBe(0);
+
+    expect(result.sizeBytes).toBe("999 B");
+    expect(result.sizeKilobytes).toBe("2.0 KB");
+    expect(result.sizeMegabytes).toBe("1.0 MB");
+    expect(result.describedName).toBe("Attachment: manual.pdf");
+    expect(result.describedType).toBe("Attachment (image/png)");
+    expect(result.describedFallback).toBe("Attachment");
+  });
+});