# bitvid Design System Primitives

bitvid's visual language is now powered by Tailwind utilities backed by our design tokens. This document lists the primitives available via `css/tailwind.source.css`, how they behave across states, and when to mix them with Tailwind utilities.

All templates and embeds must load `css/tailwind.generated.css`; that compiled bundle is the only stylesheet shipped with the app. The file is generated during CI/Netlify deploys (and remains gitignored locally), so commit only the source styles that feed the build. Remove any lingering references to legacy `tailwind.min.css` assets when porting surfaces into the design system.

> **UI Styling:** For day-to-day decisions, start with the [Styling & Theming Rules](../AGENTS.md#styling--theming-rules-token-first) in `AGENTS.md` and the [CSS build pipeline overview](../README.md#css-build-pipeline). Run `npm run lint:css` before committing so design-token regressions are caught early.

## Runtime contract

The design system is now the canonical styling path across bitvid—there is no runtime flag or rollback toggle. Every template renders with `data-ds="new"` on its root container, and controllers always receive the "new" mode from the `designSystem` context (see `js/designSystem.js`). When migrating surfaces, ensure their root nodes include `data-ds` so the entrypoint can stamp the attribute during bootstrap.

## Dynamic runtime styling

Inline styles are blocked in production builds, so runtime components that need bespoke coordinates or measurements must route their overrides through `js/designSystem/dynamicStyles.js`.

- `registerScope(id, selectors)` creates (or reuses) a constructable stylesheet when supported, allocates a unique identifier, and injects empty rules scoped to `[data-ds-style-id="<id>"]`. Callers attach the attribute to any element that should inherit those rules.
- `setVariables(id, tokens)` updates CSS custom properties on the registered scope. Pass CSS variable names (for example, `"--ds-metric-probe-length"`) and string or number values—`setVariables` handles serialization and removes entries when they resolve to empty strings.
- `releaseScope(id)` removes the generated rules and frees the identifier. Always invoke it from component teardown paths to avoid leaking rules between renders.

Design-system metrics lean on this helper to keep runtime measurements inline-style free:

- `readDesignTokenAsPixels` measures non-`px`/`rem` tokens with an offscreen probe that ships in core CSS (`.ds-metric-probe`). The probe is registered through the helper so dynamic lengths are fed into `--ds-metric-probe-length` without touching inline styles.

When introducing a new runtime feature that requires dynamic styling:

1. Register a dedicated scope during setup and attach the returned attribute to the relevant DOM node.
2. Update custom properties with `setVariables` instead of touching `.style` or appending `<style>` tags.
3. Clean up by calling `releaseScope` when the component unmounts.
4. Prefer reusable primitives (like `.ds-metric-probe`) for offscreen measurement or layout shims so multiple components can share the same CSS.

## Typography & Layout Tokens

Small-type utilities and modal geometry are now backed by dedicated semantic tokens in `css/tokens.css`. The scale introduces
`--font-size-4xs` (0.65rem), `--font-size-3xs` (0.6875rem), `--font-size-2xs` (0.7rem), and `--tracking-extra-wide`
(0.2em) alongside modal measurements such as `--modal-shell-max-height`, `--modal-sheet-max-height`,
`--modal-body-max-height`, `--modal-pane-max-height`, and `--profile-history-max-height`. Tailwind exposes the tokens through
utility aliases including `text-4xs`, `text-3xs`, `text-2xs`, `tracking-extra-wide`, `max-h-modal-shell`, `max-h-modal-sheet`,
`max-h-modal-body`, `max-h-modal-pane`, and `max-h-profile-history`. Use these utilities instead of arbitrary values so future
scale adjustments can ship from a single source of truth.

### Migration notes

- Replace literal classes such as `text-[11px]`, `text-[0.7rem]`, and `text-[0.65rem]` with the new semantic helpers
  (`text-3xs`, `text-2xs`, `text-4xs`). The controller logic for saved profiles and modal renderers has been updated to follow
  the same pattern.
- Swap bespoke tracking overrides (for example, `tracking-[0.2em]`) to `tracking-extra-wide` so the widened CTA headings stay
  consistent across themes.
- Move modal shells and scroll containers off arbitrary `max-h-[...]` utilities in favour of `max-h-modal-shell`,
  `max-h-modal-sheet`, `max-h-modal-body`, `max-h-modal-pane`, and `max-h-profile-history`.
- Keep the legacy search strings (like `text-[11px]`) in regression checklists—repositories should no longer include those
  selectors after migrating a template or controller.

### Tailwind arbitrary values lint

Run `npm run lint:tailwind-brackets` after touching markup or prose that embeds HTML. The lint walks `.html`, `.njk`, and `.md`
sources and fails when Tailwind's bracket syntax introduces hard-coded measurements (`text-[11px]`, `max-w-[18rem]`, etc.).

- Prefer the semantic utilities shipped alongside the tokens (`max-w-popover-safe`, `max-h-modal-shell`, `text-3xs`).
- When you truly need an arbitrary value, drive it with a design token by referencing the CSS custom property (`w-[var(--layout-player-max-width)]`, `min-h-[var(--form-textarea-min-height)]`).
- Update the allowlist sparingly—every entry should correspond to a documented token so future adjustments cascade automatically.

The lint shares the same underlying script as `npm run lint:tokens`, so both commands stay in lockstep with the design-system
guardrails.

## Theming

### `[data-theme]` contract

The default experience renders the production dark palette. Pages and embeds can opt into alternates by setting the `data-theme` attribute on the `<html>` (or any ancestor that wraps the component). `data-theme="light"` promotes the light tokens defined in `css/tokens.css`, swapping surface, panel, border, muted, and overlay colors while keeping semantic accents consistent. Omit the attribute or set it back to `default` to inherit the dark baseline. Reserve additional theme keys (for example, `data-theme="contrast"`) for upcoming accessibility palettes—the same hook will activate them once their tokens land. When scoping components inside legacy templates, prefer wrapping the smallest possible container so downstream shims continue to function.

### Token overrides & experiments

Tokens are sourced from `css/tokens.css` and consumed as CSS custom properties. To try temporary overrides—such as custom backgrounds for a partner landing page—stack a higher-specificity selector and reassign the variable without hard-coding literal colors:

```css
.landing[data-theme="light"] {
  --color-bg-page: var(--color-bg-surface);
  --shadow-card: 0 10px 40px rgba(12, 14, 23, 0.25);
}
```

Limit overrides to variables defined in `css/tokens.css` and document any long-lived changes in this file so the design tokens remain the source of truth. Feature-flagged experiments should wrap overrides in a `data-flag-<name>` selector or toggle them via controller logic so the defaults remain stable when the flag is off.

## Semantic Palette

All interactive surfaces now draw from a shared semantic color map exposed through `css/tokens.css` and Tailwind utility aliases. The palette is grouped into text, surface, overlay, and status slots so controllers can swap state styles without reaching for raw Tailwind hues:

- **Text:** `text-primary`, `text-inverse`, `text-muted`, `text-muted-strong`, and `text-subtle` map to `--text-*` tokens. Use them for copy, helper text, and frosted overlays instead of `text-gray-*`.
- **Surfaces:** `bg-surface`, `bg-surface-alt`, `bg-surface-raised`, `bg-surface-muted`, and `bg-overlay-*` wrap cards, modals, and scrims. Pair them with `border-surface`, `border-overlay`, or `border-overlay-strong` when rendering shells.
- **Statuses:** `status-*` tokens expose matching text, background, and border slots. Tailwind utilities include `text-status-success`, `bg-status-warning-surface`, `border-status-danger-border`, and chip helpers (`.pill`, `.badge`) that accept `data-variant="info" | "success" | "warning" | "critical" | "private" | "neutral"`.
- **Overlays:** `.overlay-scrim` and `.overlay-panel` helpers consume the overlay tier tokens for modals, sheets, and popovers. Adjust the strength via `data-strength`/`data-variant` rather than applying translucent grays. Blur states now ride semantic variables—reuse `--blur-modal-backdrop` for scrims, `--blur-modal-alert` for inline notices, and `--blur-thumbnail-blur` for frosted imagery instead of hard-coded pixel values.

### Migration guidance

- Swap raw Tailwind palette utilities (for example, `text-gray-400`, `bg-amber-500/10`, `border-red-700/70`) for the matching semantic utilities above. The new lint (`npm run lint:tailwind-colors`) fails when legacy color classes appear outside deprecated directories.
- Replace ad-hoc chips (`inline-flex ... border-red-700/70 bg-red-900/40`) with `.pill` or `.badge` plus a `data-variant`. These helpers automatically pull the correct status text/border/fill tokens.
- Use `text-info`/`hover:text-info-strong` for links that previously relied on `text-blue-400` so anchors adapt in both light and dark modes.
- When rendering tinted descriptions or placeholders, prefer `text-muted`, `text-muted-strong`, or `text-subtle` over semi-transparent whites. Token overrides keep the same classes usable across the default and light themes.

### Layout & spacing extensions

The core spacing scale gained intermediate stops for tighter micro-layouts and larger hero treatments. `css/tokens.css` now exports `--space-4xs`, `--space-3xs`, `--space-xs-snug`, `--space-md-plus`, `--space-xl-compact`, `--space-xl-plus`, and `--space-2xl-plus`; Tailwind surfaces matching utilities such as `p-4xs`, `p-3xs`, `px-xs-snug`, `py-md-plus`, `gap-xl-compact`, `px-xl-plus`, and `gap-2xl-plus`. Pair them with the new layout primitives—`--menu-min-width` (`min-w-menu`), `--modal-max-width` (`max-w-modal`), `--layout-player-max-width` (`max-w-player`), and `--layout-docs-max-width` (`max-w-docs`)—to anchor consistent breakpoints across popovers, modals, and documentation shells without reintroducing raw `rem`/`px` literals.

### Previewing themes

The design-system kitchen sink (`docs/kitchen-sink.html`) exposes a theme switcher that mirrors the production toggle contract. Use the "Theme" select menu in the header to flip between `default`, `light`, and any preview keys (for example, `contrast`). This control updates `document.documentElement.dataset.theme` at runtime, letting you verify hover/focus/disabled states without redeploying. When authoring new palettes, add them to `css/tokens.css`, confirm the kitchen-sink toggle picks them up, and record before/after screenshots for review so the CI snapshots have clear context.

## Focus Handling

All interactive primitives mix in the shared `.focus-ring` helper. It removes default outlines and applies a branded ring using `focus-visible` only. When building bespoke components, add `.focus-ring` to your root interactive element or replicate its rules:

```html
<button class="focus-ring inline-flex items-center gap-2 ...">Label</button>
```

The helper includes:

- `focus-visible:ring-2` with `ring-info` and `ring-opacity-70`
- `focus-visible:ring-offset-2` with an offset on `bg-surface`
- `focus-visible:transition-shadow` using the tokenized `duration-fast` easing curve

Never hide focus styles without providing an accessible alternative.

## Motion Guardrails

### Motion inventory

The `rg "transition"` audit surfaces the components that animate by default. Keep this list in sync when new motion primitives land:

- **Buttons:** `.btn` and `.btn-ghost` transition their backgrounds, borders, and shadows using the shared token durations. 【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L18-L55】
- **Cards and watch history:** `.card`, `.watch-history-card`, and their nested controls use hover/focus transitions plus optional entry animations via `data-motion="enter"`. 【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L238-L804】
- **Popovers:** `.popover__panel` fades and scales between `[data-state]` values. 【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L119-L141】
- **Modals:** `.bv-modal__panel`, `.video-modal__panel`, and `.player-modal__content` animate in concert with the modal nav/header layout helpers. 【F:docs/kitchen-sink.html†L335-L391】【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L385-L640】
- **Feedback & loading:** `.progress-bar-fill`, `.status-spinner--inline`, and `.status-banner .status-spinner` communicate state changes with width transitions or spin animations. 【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L907-L948】
- **Sidebar controls:** `.sidebar-nav-link`, `.sidebar-dropup-trigger`, `.sidebar-collapse-toggle`, and related chevrons/toggles translate, fade, and resize during rail expansion. 【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L1164-L1598】

### Shadow inventory

- `--shadow-popover-zap` keeps the zap tip elevation consistent across themes; apply it to `.popover__panel[data-variant="zap"]` or related toast surfaces when you need the intense popover glow. 【F:css/tokens.css†L406-L415】【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L293-L298】
- `--shadow-video-modal` anchors modal playback chrome so large embeds reuse the same lift as `#playerModal .video-modal__video video`. 【F:css/tokens.css†L406-L415】【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L1374-L1378】
- `--color-shadow-intense` still exposes the raw color for bespoke drop-shadow recipes—pair it with `drop-shadow-intense` utilities when only the hue needs to change. 【F:css/tokens.css†L93-L101】【F:tailwind.config.cjs†L28-L32】【F:tailwind.config.cjs†L147-L157】

### Reduced-motion policy

- A consolidated `@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)` block now zeroes out transition and animation durations globally, removes motion-only transforms, and leaves opacity state changes in place so surfaces still show and hide instantly. 【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L1766-L1981】
- Motion tokens also collapse to `0s` inside Tailwind's component layer so the primitives (`.btn`, `.card`, `.popover__panel`, watch-history tiles) inherit the same behaviour without per-selector overrides. 【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L229-L270】
- Spinners fall back to static indicators when reduced motion is requested, while focus rings remain intact because the underlying styles are unaffected—only the timing curves are reset. 【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L1778-L1981】
- When adding a new animated component, register its selector in this block (or reuse the tokenised durations) so reduced-motion users never see unintended transitions. Document the addition here alongside the inventory.

## Component Primitives

### Buttons

| Class | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `.btn` | Primary action button (`bg-primary`, white text). Hover lifts to `bg-info-strong`, focus pushes to `bg-info-pressed`, disabled reduces opacity. |
| `.btn-ghost` | Framed secondary action. Transparent by default with subtle border, fills with `bg-panel-hover` on hover/focus. |

Both buttons:

- Use `.focus-ring` internally
- Include pointer-blocking and opacity changes on `:disabled`
- Are uppercase with wide tracking to match our existing CTA styling

Mix in Tailwind utilities for icon spacing (`gap-3`), sizing (`px-lg`, `py-sm`), or layout (`w-full`). Avoid overriding colors unless introducing a new semantic variant.

#### Variants & Toggle States

- Apply `data-variant="critical"` to `.btn-ghost` when rendering destructive affordances (for example, "Remove variant" pills inside repeater rows). The primitive swaps the border and text colors to the critical palette and deepens the fill on hover/focus.
- Toggle groups can rely on `[aria-pressed="true"]` or `data-state="active"` without extra utilities. When a `.btn-ghost` reports an active state it automatically promotes to the filled primary style.

```html
<div class="inline-flex items-center rounded-full bg-panel/80 p-1" role="group">
  <button class="btn-ghost flex-1" type="button" aria-pressed="true">Custom</button>
  <button class="btn-ghost flex-1" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Cloudflare</button>
</div>
```

### Badges

`.badge` renders an inline pill (`bg-panel`, uppercase text). Opt into semantic variants with `data-variant="info"`, `data-variant="critical"`, or `data-variant="neutral"`. Layer on utilities for icon alignment or truncation.

### Messaging & Notification Tokens

Use the dedicated messaging tokens when styling chat surfaces and banners so they inherit theme-safe contrast and icon colors:

- **Message bubbles:** `--message-bubble-background`, `--message-bubble-border`, `--message-bubble-text`, and `--message-bubble-meta` drive the base bubble surface, while `--message-bubble-outgoing-background`/`--message-bubble-outgoing-border` cover the current-user variant. These map back to surface, border, and text semantic tokens so bubbles maintain AA contrast. 【F:css/tokens.css†L102-L115】
- **Unread badges:** `--unread-badge-background` and `--unread-badge-text` keep badge text legible at WCAG AA while ensuring iconography stays ≥3:1 against the fill. 【F:css/tokens.css†L117-L118】
- **Reply highlights:** `--reply-highlight-background`, `--reply-highlight-border`, `--reply-highlight-text`, and `--reply-highlight-icon` align reply callouts with the info status palette. 【F:css/tokens.css†L120-L123】
- **Notification banners:** Base banner colors map through `--notification-banner-*` tokens, with per-variant slots (`critical`, `success`, `info`, `warning`) pulling from the status palettes for AA-compliant text and 3:1 icon contrast. 【F:css/tokens.css†L125-L154】

### Cards

`.card` is the base surface for grid items and panels:

- Rounded corners (`rounded-lg`) and `bg-card`
- Token shadows on hover
- Focus states reuse `.focus-ring`
- Accepts `data-state="private" | "critical" | "disabled"` for special treatments

Combine with padding utilities per layout. Interactive cards should maintain `cursor-pointer` manually (see legacy shim example below) until templates adopt dedicated controller classes.

> **2025-10-11 update:** The legacy `.video-card*` shim selectors were removed. Video grids should now render plain `.card` elements and opt into semantic variants via `data-state`, `data-alert`, and `data-motion` attributes. Runtime code no longer maps the deprecated classes, so older selectors will not receive token updates.

### Form Inputs

`.form-control` is the base primitive for text entry surfaces. It handles layout (`block`, `w-full`), rounded corners, subtle borders, muted placeholders, and the shared focus ring. Hovering deepens the border, focus highlights with `border-info-strong`, `:invalid` raises a critical border, and `:disabled` mutes the field while blocking pointer events.

Specialisations reuse `.form-control`:

- `.input` – Standard single-line text input.
- `.textarea` – Multi-line input with a minimum height (`min-h-[var(--form-textarea-min-height)]`) and `resize-y` enabled.
- `.select` – Native `<select>` element with `appearance-none`, an integrated arrow glyph, and consistent spacing (`pr-10`).

All three share hover, focus-visible, disabled, and invalid treatments. Layer on utilities (`h-12`, `text-lg`, icon padding) as needed without re-declaring tokens.

Controllers can mark read-only fields by setting `data-state="locked"` alongside the existing `readonly` attribute. The attribute shifts the background to `bg-overlay-panel-soft`, deepens the border (`border-border-sidebar-strong`), and suppresses the focus ring so locked inputs stay visually distinct without falling back to `!important` overrides. The same hook works on `.input`, `.textarea`, `.select`, and any raw `.form-control` element—disabled states keep the locked palette.

Arrow and checkbox adornments now lean entirely on tokens: `--form-select-icon-offset`, `--form-select-icon-gap`, `--form-select-icon-hit-area`, and `--form-select-icon-size` position the native select chevron, while `--form-checkbox-checkmark-offset` keeps the checkmark aligned at any scale. Textareas pull their baseline from `--form-textarea-min-height`, and thin scrollbars reuse the shared `--scrollbar-thin-width` so embedded panels feel consistent across browsers.

```html
<form class="bv-stack bv-stack--tight" aria-labelledby="zapAmountLabel">
  <label
    id="zapAmountLabel"
    class="text-xs font-semibold uppercase tracking-wide text-muted-strong"
  >
    Zap amount (sats)
  </label>
  <input
    id="zapAmountInput"
    type="number"
    min="1"
    step="1"
    class="input"
    placeholder="Enter sats"
  />
  <button class="btn" type="submit">Send</button>
</form>
```

For toggles:

- `.checkbox` resets native appearance, applies the token border/background, and swaps to the info palette when checked. The checkmark is rendered via `::after`, and disabled states lower contrast while keeping the focus ring behaviour.
- `.switch` renders a pill track with a translating thumb (`::before`). Apply `[aria-checked="true"]` or `.is-on` to move the thumb and recolor the track. Motion respects `prefers-reduced-motion` while maintaining the focus ring.

### Modal Surface

- `.bv-modal` anchors fixed overlays (full-viewport flexbox centered layout).
- `.bv-modal-backdrop` applies the tokenized overlay color with blur.
- `.bv-modal__panel` hosts modal content (`bg-surface`, `shadow-modal`, focus ring).

Sizing now comes from dedicated tokens: `max-w-modal` and `rounded-modal-xl` map to `--modal-max-width` and `--radius-modal-xl`, while icon controls reuse `--icon-size-lg`, `--icon-size-md`, and `--icon-button-ring-width` for consistent hit targets. Progress indicators pick up `--modal-progress-height`, and the player modal inherits `max-w-player` so hero metadata never exceeds `--layout-player-max-width`.

Use `--modal-sheet-inline-max` when you need a sheet to breathe on narrow viewports without exceeding the standard modal width. The token resolves to the smaller of `90vw` and `--modal-max-width`, so base sheet templates hug the viewport while large-screen overrides (for example, `lg:max-w-4xl`) can still opt into broader layouts. Reach for `--modal-max-width` directly when the panel should stay anchored to the canonical modal width across breakpoints.

Compose them together when mounting new modal portals. If you need a drawer or sheet, start from these primitives and adjust spacing/positioning via utilities.

#### Modal Actions

Action rows in login, disclaimer, and upload flows now pair `.btn-ghost` and `.btn` directly. Layer layout utilities such as `w-full` or `gap-3` without re-adding custom focus rings.

```html
<footer class="modal-footer flex gap-3">
  <button class="btn-ghost flex-1" type="button">Cancel</button>
  <button class="btn flex-1" type="submit">Publish</button>
</footer>
```

Static modal partials (login, application, feedback, etc.) should call the helpers exported from `js/ui/components/staticModalAccessibility.js`—`prepareStaticModal`, `openStaticModal`, and `closeStaticModal`—to attach focus trapping, Escape/backdrop dismissal, and the shared `data-open`/`html.modal-open` toggles without duplicating controller logic.

### Headers

`.ds-header` replaces the legacy `header { … }` reset. Apply it to page chrome that should inherit the shared rhythm: flex alignment (`items-center`, `justify-start`) and tokenized vertical padding (`py-md`). Layer layout utilities per surface—for example, `justify-between` on the kitchen-sink demo or `mb-8` on the app shell.

Pair `.ds-header__logo` with `<img>` or inline logo wrappers to standardize sizing (`h-24`, `w-auto`, `max-w-none`) without reintroducing element selectors. Compose additional utilities (`h-16`, responsive overrides) when a view needs alternate scale.

Logo glyphs now rely on dedicated selectors inside the SVG: apply `.bv-logo__accent` to the nine-block mark, `.bv-logo__wordmark` to the lettering, and `.bv-logo__background` to any surrounding tile. These hooks read from the CSS custom properties that `.bv-logo` seeds, so themes can flip palettes purely through attributes (`data-variant`, `data-wordmark`, etc.) without reintroducing inline `fill` or `color` overrides.

### Popovers

Use `.popover` as the relative anchor for floating content. Nest `.popover__panel` for the floating surface—it’s positioned with the shared popover engine, inherits the shared focus ring, and animates with opacity/scale tokens. Toggle `[data-state="open"]` on the panel to switch between the collapsed (`opacity-0 scale-95`) and expanded (`opacity-100 scale-100`) states.

```html
<div class="popover">
  <button class="btn" type="button">Open filters</button>
  <div class="popover__panel" role="dialog" data-state="open">
    <p class="text-sm text-muted">Fine-tune the current feed using tags and duration filters.</p>
  </div>
</div>
```

Use the shared popover engine (`js/ui/overlay/popoverEngine.js`) instead of manual offsets. The helper attaches panels to the overlay root, flips placement when they collide with the viewport, and toggles `aria` + `data-popover-state` attributes as visibility changes. Width and height clamps can be sourced from design tokens (`maxWidthToken`, `maxHeightToken`) so surfaces inherit theme-specific limits without inline constants. Consult [docs/menus.md](./menus.md) for overlay-root wiring, Tailwind overlay helpers, and the manual QA surface that exercises card and modal menus. 【F:js/ui/overlay/popoverEngine.js†L252-L266】【F:js/ui/overlay/popoverEngine.js†L633-L706】【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L358-L399】

```js
import createPopover from "../overlay/popoverEngine.js";

const popover = createPopover(triggerEl, ({ container }) => {
  const panel = document.createElement("div");
  panel.className = "popover__panel card";
  panel.dataset.state = "closed";
  panel.innerHTML = "<p class=\"text-sm text-muted\">Filters</p>";
  container.appendChild(panel);
  return panel;
}, {
  placement: "bottom-start",
  maxWidthToken: "--popover-inline-safe-max",
});

await popover.open();
panel.dataset.state = "open"; // reveal animation hooks

// Later, close the surface and restore focus.
panel.dataset.state = "closed";
popover.close();
```

The render callback runs once the engine has created its portal container. Return the panel (and optional arrow) element so the helper can manage focus targets, `aria-controls`, and collision handling. Consumers remain responsible for their own visual state toggles (`data-state`) so Tailwind transitions continue to apply. Use `popover.update()` when the trigger or panel size changes, and call `popover.destroy()` during teardown to drop listeners and portals. 【F:js/ui/overlay/popoverEngine.js†L420-L583】【F:js/ui/overlay/popoverEngine.js†L888-L1014】

Recommended container pattern:

- Wrap the trigger and panel in `.popover` so the markup stays discoverable and inherits spacing tokens.
- Leave the wrapper’s overflow visible; the helper defaults to `position: fixed`, so floating surfaces escape scroll containers without getting clipped. Opt into `{ strategy: "absolute" }` if you intentionally want the panel constrained.
- When tearing down a component, call `popover.destroy()` to drop scroll/resize listeners and remove the portal container.

The motion helpers defer to the global motion tokens so Task 5 can adjust timing globally without revisiting individual components. Animations respect `prefers-reduced-motion` by collapsing to opacity-only transitions.

### Sidebar shell & controls

The navigation rail pulls its rhythm from dedicated sidebar tokens in `css/tokens.css`. The shell, panels, and footer reuse shared spacing primitives (`--space-sidebar-shell-inline`, `--space-sidebar-shell-block-start`, `--space-sidebar-shell-block-end`, `--space-sidebar-panel-gap`, `--space-sidebar-panel-padding-block`, `--space-sidebar-panel-padding-inline`, `--space-sidebar-footer-gap`) alongside component-specific radii and shadows (`--radius-sidebar-shell`, `--radius-sidebar-panel`, `--radius-sidebar-nav`, `--shadow-sidebar-shell`, `--shadow-sidebar-accent`, `--shadow-sidebar-trigger`, `--shadow-sidebar-dropup`, `--shadow-sidebar-panel`, `--shadow-sidebar-focus-ring`). These values also size fallback classes like `.sidebar-nav-link`, `.sidebar-dropup-trigger`, and `.sidebar-dropup-panel` so legacy templates stay legible. 【F:css/tokens.css†L94-L138】【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L1829-L2182】

Frosted glass treatments share a blur stack as well. Reference `--sidebar-backdrop-blur` across the shell, nav links, and footer triggers, then pull the matching saturation tokens (`--sidebar-shell-backdrop-saturation`, `--sidebar-nav-backdrop-saturation`, `--sidebar-trigger-backdrop-saturation`, `--sidebar-panel-backdrop-saturation`) or `--sidebar-panel-backdrop-blur` for popovers instead of reintroducing literal `blur()`/`saturate()` values. 【F:css/tokens.css†L70-L118】【F:css/tailwind.source.css†L2059-L2402】

Tailwind now exposes matching utilities for layouts that opt into the design system directly: use `px-sidebar-shell-inline`, `pt-sidebar-shell-block-start`, `pb-sidebar-shell-block-end`, `gap-sidebar-panel-gap`, and `rounded-sidebar-shell`/`rounded-sidebar-nav` for structure, then `shadow-sidebar-shell`, `shadow-sidebar-accent`, or `shadow-sidebar-dropup` to match the bespoke glow states. Combine them with existing color utilities to compose new sidebar sections without reintroducing raw measurements. 【F:tailwind.config.cjs†L115-L155】

Iconography and motion helpers rely on fresh tokens as well: `--icon-size-sm`, `--icon-size-md`, and `--icon-size-lg` standardise glyph sizing across nav links, collapse toggles, and dropup triggers, while `--space-sidebar-nav-translate` powers the translate offsets used when collapsing the rail. Thin overlays inherit `--scrollbar-thin-width` so modal and sidebar scroll containers feel identical.

### Search surfaces backlog

Discovery work is queued behind two search affordances that will need close coordination with the navigation shell tokens:

- **Relay note search filters** — Stand up a dedicated search surface that can index relay-published notes and expose filter chips for posted date ranges, hashtags, title keywords, view-count ranges, and the publishing account. Reuse `.menu`, `.input`, and `.chip` primitives for the filter controls so the surface stays aligned with existing command panels, and plan on routing results through the popover/filter pipeline described above.
- **Mobile floating search** — Introduce a floating search icon on small breakpoints that expands into a full-width search field when tapped. The trigger should inherit the circular icon tokens used by sidebar toggles, snap to the `z-overlay-nav` layer, and collapse back to the icon state once the user blurs or submits the field.

### Menus

`.menu` normalises list-based command menus with consistent padding. Pair it with `.menu__heading` for optional section labels, `.menu__separator` for dividers, and `.menu__item` for actionable rows. Each item supports hover, active (`data-state="active"`), and critical (`data-variant="critical"`) palettes plus disabled fallbacks through either `disabled` or `aria-disabled="true"`.

```html
<div class="popover">
  <button class="btn-ghost" type="button">Command palette</button>
  <div class="popover__panel" role="menu" data-state="open">
    <div class="menu" role="none">
      <p class="menu__heading" role="presentation">Navigation</p>
      <button class="menu__item" role="menuitem">Search videos</button>
      <button class="menu__item" role="menuitem" data-state="active">Go live dashboard</button>
      <div class="menu__separator" role="separator"></div>
      <button class="menu__item" role="menuitem" data-variant="critical">Delete current draft</button>
      <button class="menu__item" role="menuitem" disabled>Switch profile (pro only)</button>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
```

The helpers rely on layout utilities (`flex`, `gap-*`) so you can safely inject icons, shortcuts, or nested badges without restyling the base tokens.

### Zap Popover

Compose `.popover` with a zap-specific panel variant when you need to surface the tipping form inline. Toggle `data-state="open"` on the `.popover__panel` and remove its `hidden` attribute when the dialog is visible. The `data-variant="zap"` hook reuses the frosted-glass styling defined in `css/tailwind.source.css`.

```html
<div class="popover">
  <button class="btn-ghost h-10 w-10 rounded-full p-0" type="button" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-expanded="false">
    <img src="assets/svg/lightning-bolt.svg" alt="Zap" class="h-5 w-5" />
  </button>
  <div
    class="popover__panel card w-72 max-w-popover-safe space-y-4"
    role="dialog"
    aria-hidden="true"
    data-variant="zap"
    data-state="closed"
    hidden
  >
    <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
      <h3 class="text-xs font-semibold uppercase tracking-wide text-muted">Send a zap</h3>
      <button class="btn-ghost h-8 w-8 rounded-full p-0" type="button" aria-label="Close zap dialog">✕</button>
    </div>
    <form class="space-y-4">
      <label class="block text-xs font-semibold uppercase tracking-wide text-muted" for="zapAmountExample">
        Zap amount (sats)
      </label>
      <input id="zapAmountExample" class="input" type="number" min="1" step="1" inputmode="numeric" />
      <button class="btn w-full" type="submit">Send</button>
    </form>
  </div>
</div>
```

### Grid Stack

`.grid-stack` offers gap tokens for dense layouts. Add `data-variant="cards"` for responsive card grids (`grid-cols-1` → `sm:grid-cols-2` → `xl:grid-cols-3`). Switch to `data-orientation="vertical"` for stacked flex columns that reuse the same spacing tokens.

### Layout Helpers

- `.bv-stack` creates a vertical flex stack with the default large gap (`var(--space-lg)`). Use it for page sections such as the watch-history summary blocks.
- `.bv-stack--tight` reduces the gap to `var(--space-md)` while inheriting the `.bv-stack` flex behaviour. Combine the modifier when stacking smaller card fragments or form controls inside profile templates.
- `.bv-grid-video` centralises the responsive video grid (`repeat(auto-fill, minmax(20rem, 1fr))`) with the standard gutter (`gap-xl`) and vertical padding (`py-lg`). Apply it to feed, subscriptions, and channel views instead of repeating inline grid rules.

## Legacy Compatibility Shims

During migration we keep existing selectors alive by layering `@apply` calls in `css/tailwind.source.css`. Notable shims:

- `#profileModal .profile-switcher*` → `.card`, `.badge`, `.btn-ghost`

> **2025-10-11:** The `.video-card` shim family was removed. Templates must emit `.card` elements with the appropriate `data-state` and `data-alert` attributes instead of relying on the legacy class names.

We continue to expose aliases such as `.profile-switcher` and nested variations (for example, `.profile-switcher__item`) so existing profile and admin controllers stay functional while downstream templates finish their migration. These shims live under the "Legacy component compatibility" section and will be removed once templates switch to the new primitives.

> **Modal primitives:** Always mount `.bv-modal`, `.bv-modal-backdrop`, and `.bv-modal__panel` together. Controllers expect this trio, so there is no compatibility layer for alternate selectors.

**Shim removal checklist (Task DS-742):**

- [ ] Confirm no production templates emit `.profile-switcher*` selectors (owners: @ui-templates, @design-systems).
- [ ] Verify the torrent beacon renders `.card`, `.btn`, `.btn-ghost`, and `.input` primitives with no fallback selectors (owner: @torrent-beacon).
- [ ] Verify staging renders with `data-ds="new"` across surfaces and run kitchen-sink visual snapshots to ensure no regressions.
- [ ] Delete residual `@apply` rules under "Legacy component compatibility" in `css/tailwind.source.css`.
- [ ] Announce the removal in release notes and update downstream embed documentation.

**Owners:** Design Systems Guild (@design-systems) with support from the Templates crew (@ui-templates) and the torrent beacon maintainers (@torrent-beacon).

**Target removal release:** 2025.04 mainline (aligns with the shim removal milestone tracked in DS-742). Audit usage after the Q1 2025 UI refresh and delete remaining shims no later than the April 2025 deployment window. At that point the compatibility layer will be removed once dependent feature flags confirm that no legacy selectors remain in production HTML.

### Selector migration table

| Legacy selector | Replacement primitive(s) | Beacon / app notes | Feature-flag strategy |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `.video-card`, `.video-card__meta`, `.video-card--loading` | `.card` with `data-state` + utility classes | Removed in web app; ensure beacon dashboards render `.card` with skeleton states instead of `.video-card--loading`. | Deploy directly and validate in staging before rolling to beacon.
| `.profile-switcher`, `.profile-switcher__item` | `.card` rows + `.btn-ghost` toggles | Keep shim until profile modal Reactors deploy; beacon does not consume this selector. | Roll out once QA signs off; no flag gating remains.
| `.button`, `.button-danger` (Skeleton) | `.btn`, `.btn-ghost[data-variant="critical"]` | Critical for torrent beacon—replace the Angular templates before removing Skeleton CDN. | Coordinate a staged deploy; the design system is always on so fallbacks must ship in a separate release if required.
| `.u-full-width`, `.input-text` | `.input`, `.select`, `.form-control` | Applies to upload forms and beacon filter controls; also update tests that target legacy classes. | Update markup globally; controllers now always run in the design system mode.
| `.modal-container`, `.modal-content` | `.bv-modal`, `.bv-modal-backdrop`, `.bv-modal__panel` | Retired selectors—emit the primitives exactly so accessibility, animation, and controller hooks stay wired. | N/A — unified primitives only. |

### Migration Notes (Q4 2024)

- Modal templates across the app now mount `.bv-modal`, `.bv-modal-backdrop`, and `.bv-modal__panel` primitives directly. Controllers such as `ProfileModalController` and the upload modal orchestrator were updated to expect these primitives, so any new modal should follow the same structure for consistent accessibility and animation hooks.
- The compatibility shim keeps the `.profile-switcher` selector family alive temporarily so third-party embeds and cached HTML fragments continue to render while operators redeploy updated templates. Keep the aliases until the April 2025 removal window above, then delete the shim and update any last callers to the new `.card`/`.btn-ghost` structure.

### Overlay layering scale

Overlay stacks now use semantic z-index tokens. Reach for these utilities instead of raw numeric values so floating surfaces remain predictable across the app:

| Token | Utility class | Primary usage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `--z-overlay-nav` | `z-overlay-nav` | Mobile navigation toggles, sticky modal nav bars |
| `--z-overlay-floating` | `z-overlay-floating` | Popovers, floating status overlays, async progress shells |
| `--z-overlay-toast` | `z-overlay-toast` | Toast managers and transient notifications |
| `--z-modal-root` / `--z-modal-overlay` / `--z-modal-content` | `z-[var(--z-modal-root)]` primitives | Modal scaffolding (`.bv-modal`, `.bv-modal-backdrop`, `.bv-modal__panel`) |

Backdrops share a common helper: `.ds-overlay-backdrop` applies the fixed positioning, tone, and blur defined by `--overlay-backdrop-color` / `--overlay-backdrop-blur`. Pair it with the appropriate `z-overlay-*` utility when you need to tune stacking above or below other surfaces.

## Beacon client migration

The torrent beacon now shares the Tailwind bundle used across bitvid. The standalone `torrent/beacon.html` drops Skeleton/FoA CDNs in favour of `css/tailwind.generated.css`, adopts the `.card`, `.btn`, `.btn-ghost`, and `.input` primitives, and relies on `.bv-stack` for spacing inside Angular partials. Inline SVG icons replace FontAwesome so controls stay lightweight while inheriting tokenised focus and hover states.

Angular templates under `torrent/views/` should follow the refreshed structure:

- Wrap primary sections in `.card` and layer Tailwind utilities for layout (`grid`, `gap-xl`, `overflow-auto`).
- Use `.input`, `.select`, `.btn`, and `.btn-ghost` (with `data-variant="critical"` for destructive actions) instead of legacy `.u-full-width`, `.button`, or `.button-danger` classes.
- Prefer token-backed utilities for spacing and typography (`px-6`, `py-6`, `text-muted`) over ad-hoc CSS.
- Reuse the fixed overlay spinner pattern (`ds-overlay-backdrop z-overlay-floating` plus an `animate-spin text-info-strong` SVG) for async states so overlays stay consistent with the new palette.

When adding new torrent affordances, mirror the existing markup: inline 24×24 SVG strokes at 2px, `.focus-ring` on interactive anchors, and `.bv-stack` for vertical rhythm. This keeps the beacon aligned with the design system without reintroducing the deprecated Skeleton grid.

## When to Mix Utilities

Use the primitives for foundation and lean on Tailwind utilities for:

- Layout (`flex`, `grid`, `gap-*`, `justify-*`)
- Sizing (`w-*`, `h-*`, `min-w-*`)
- Typography tweaks (`text-left`, `font-light`)
- State variations not yet encoded as tokens (e.g., success/neutral buttons)

Avoid re-declaring token values manually. If a new pattern repeats, promote it into a primitive or request new tokens to keep styling consistent.

## Visual snapshot review workflow

Continuous integration captures Playwright-powered screenshots of `docs/kitchen-sink.html` (`tests/visual/kitchen-sink.spec.ts`) on every pull request. When a snapshot job fails:

1. Read the diff produced by Playwright (attached as an artifact) and compare it with your local preview. The harness highlights per-pixel changes so reviewers can distinguish deliberate theme updates from regressions.
2. Reproduce locally with `npm run test:visual -- --update-snapshots` to refresh the expected images after verifying the change in the kitchen sink.
3. Document the intent in the PR description (include before/after screenshots or reference the kitchen-sink toggle state) so reviewers and QA know the snapshot change is expected.

The design system doc is the single source of truth for reviewing these failures—if a diff contradicts the guidance above, treat it as a regression, request updates, and block the merge until the visual snapshot stabilises.